Table 3.
Crude and Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% confidence intervals) for Cognitive Impairment Among U.S.-Born and Immigrant Adults, NHIS 2000–2017, N = 228 985
| Variable | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | Model 4d | Model 5e | Model 6f | Model 7g |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive impairment | |||||||
| U.S.-born NHW | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | — |
| Arab American immigrants | 1.24 (0.90, 1.73) | 1.41 (1.02, 1.94) | 1.24 (0.87, 1.75) | 1.12 (0.79, 1.59) | 1.16 (0.82, 1.65) | 1.13 (0.79, 1.60) | — |
| Foreign-born NHW | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Arab American immigrants | 1.14 (0.81, 1.60) | 1.37 (0.99, 1.91) | 1.20 (0.83, 1.72) | 1.09 (0.76, 1.57) | 1.10 (0.76, 1.59) | 1.06 (0.73, 1.53) | 1.06 (0.73, 1.53) |
Notes: NHIS = National Health Interview Survey; NHW = non-Hispanic White.
aUnadjusted (Model 1); U.S.- and non-Hispanic White immigrants are reference groups. bAdjusted for demographics (sex and age) (Model 2). cAdjusted for Model 2 plus socioeconomic status (education, below poverty level, and employment) (Model 3). dAdjusted for Model 3 plus comorbidity (diagnosed with heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and serious psychological distress) (Model 4). eAdjusted for Model 4 plus behavioral risk factors (exercise, smoking, and drinking) (Model 5). fAdjusted for Model 5 plus marital status and living alone (Model 6). gAdjusted for Model 6 plus acculturation proxies (years in United States and citizenship status) for non-Hispanic White immigrants only (Model 7).