Table II.

Vaccine candidates for COVID-19 and available data on vaccination schedule, efficacy, and safety

Vaccine candidate	Vaccination schedule	Approximate number of individuals in phase 3	Efficacy	Safety	Status
Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 (mRNA)39,40	IM injection on days 0 and 21	44,000	95% efficacy in preventing COVID-19 (162 cases in placebo group, 8 in BNT162b2 group) Severe COVID-19: 9 cases in placebo group, 1 in BNT162b2 group	•Most common solicited adverse reactions: injection site reactions (84.1%), fatigue (62.9%), headache (55.1%), muscle pain (38.3%), chills (31.9%), joint pain (23.6%), and fever (14.2%) •Severe adverse reactions occurred in 0.0% to 4.6% of participants, were more frequent after dose 2 than after dose 1, and were generally less frequent in participants ≥55 years. •The incidence of serious adverse events was similar in the vaccine and placebo groups (0.6% and 0.5%, respectively). •Four cases of Bell palsy in the vaccine group compared with no cases in the placebo group, consistent with the expected rate	FDA EUA granted December 11, 2020 Safety monitoring will continue for 2 years after administration of the second dose of the vaccine.
Moderna mRNA-1273 (mRNA)41	IM injection on days 0 and 28	30,400	94.5% efficacy in preventing COVID-19 (90 cases in placebo group, 5 in mRNA-1273 group) Severe COVID-19: 11 cases in placebo group, 0 in mRNA-1273 group	•Most common solicited adverse reactions: injection site pain (91.6%), fatigue (68.5%), headache (63.0%), muscle pain (59.6%), joint pain (44.8%), and chills (43.4%). •Severe adverse reactions occurred in 0.2% to 9.7% of participants, were more frequent after dose 2 than after dose 1, and were generally less frequent in participants ≥65 years. •Unsolicited adverse events possibly related to vaccine: •Local lymphadenopathy: 1.1% in the vaccine group and 0.63% in the placebo group •Hypersensitivity: 1.5% in the vaccine group vs 1.1% placebo group •Frequency of serious adverse events was similar in vaccine and placebo groups (1.0% for both). •Four cases of Bell palsy in the vaccine group compared with 1 case in the placebo group	FDA EUA pending Safety evaluation until day 759 after administration of second dose
AstraZeneca/Oxford AZD1222 (replication-deficient chimpanzee adenoviral vector ChAdOx1, containing the SARS-CoV-2 structural surface glycoprotein antigen)42	2-dose regimen, interval to be determined	40,000 Interim data reported on 11,600	62.1% (2 standard doses); 90% (low dose followed by standard dose); overall, 70.4% Severe COVID-19: 10 cases in placebo group, 0 in AZD1222 group	•Serious adverse events: 79 in treatment and 89 in control group •Adverse events: vaccine (n = 12,021) vs control (n = 11,724) •Anaphylactic reaction: 1 (vaccine) vs 0 (control)	Recruiting
Johnson & Johnson JNJ-78436735 (nonreplicating viral vector)	1 dose IM injection; 5 × 1010 viral particles (Ad26.COV2.S)	Up to 60,000 planned (30,000 per group)	TBD	TBD	Recruiting
Novavax NVX-CoV2373 (nanoparticle vaccine)	2 doses of 5 μg SARS-CoV-2 rS + 50 μg Matrix-M1 adjuvant (coformulated), 1 dose each on days 0 and 21	Up to 30,000	TBD	TBD	Recruiting
Inovio Pharmaceuticals INO-4800(DNA vaccine plasmid)	Participants will receive either 1 or 2 1.0-mg ID injections of INO-4800 based on results from phase 2 segment, followed by EP using the CELLECTRA 2000 device on day 0 and day 28	6578 participants	TBD	TBD	Recruiting
Medicago; GlaxoSmithKline; Dynavax VIR-7831 (plant-based adjuvant vaccine)	VIR-7831 given by intravenous infusion	1360 participants	TBD	TBD	Recruiting

EP, Electroporation; EUA, Emergency Use Authorization; FDA, US Food and Drug Administration; ID, intradermal; IM, intramuscular; mRNA, messenger RNA; rS, recombinant spike; TBD, to be determined.