Fig. 2.

Neuraminidase and PPCA expression in lung tissues and fibroblasts. Human lung tissues (A) and primary lung fibroblasts (B) from healthy controls (Ctrl) and patients with IPF were analyzed using qRT-PCR for indicated neuraminidases. Each symbol indicates a separate donor of lung tissues or fibroblasts. Lung tissues from PBS-challenged control and bleomycin-challenged mice were also analyzed for neuraminidase and PPCA mRNA levels (C), with each symbol indicating a separate mouse. In (A–C), asterisks indicate significant (P < 0.05) differences from the corresponding controls. Immunoblotting assays of lung homogenates revealed elevations in NEU1 and PPCA protein levels in bleomycin-challenged mice (D); glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)-normalized band optical densities (OD) are indicated below corresponding lanes. rRNA, ribosomal RNA.