Table 14.
CSA & fat content of lumbar muscles at L2–L3 disc level of lumbar spine according to initial neurological status in terms of complete and incomplete injury (n=51)
| Duration | CSA (cm2) of lumbar muscles (initially) | Severity of initial injury |
Intergroup comparison | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Complete SCI (ASIA grade A) (n=10) | Incomplete SCI (ASIA grade B, C, D) (n=39) | No deficit (ASIA grade E) (n=2) | p-valuea) | ||||
| Initial | Multifidus | Left | 4.67±0.42 | 4.53± 0.45 | 4.40±0.28 | 0.655 | Insignificant |
| Right | 4.37± 0.40 | 4.28± 0.43 | 4.65±0.35 | 0.729 | Insignificant | ||
| Erector spinae | Left | 10.36±0.86 | 10.11± 0.99 | 10.45± 1.63 | 0.796 | Insignificant | |
| Right | 9.82±0.71 | 10.42± 1.29 | 10.35±0.07 | 0.278 | Insignificant | ||
| Ilio-psoas | Left | 6.63±0.44 | 6.66± 0.39 | 6.70±0.00 | 0.266 | Insignificant | |
| Right | 6.34±0.50 | 6.60±0.32 | 6.55±0.50 | 0.689 | Insignificant | ||
| Quadratus lumborum | Left | 4.81±0.23 | 4.97±0.30 | 4.65±0.07 | 0.238 | Insignificant | |
| Right | 4.57± 0.40 | 4.80±0.31 | 4.90±0.28 | 0.272 | Insignificant | ||
| Rectus abdominis | Left | 4.95±0.43 | 4.93± 0.38 | 5.10±0.00 | 0.115 | Insignificant | |
| Right | 5.35±0.18 | 5.36±0.41 | 5.90±0.00 | 0.145 | Insignificant | ||
| Obliques | Left | 21.83± 3.75 | 22.20± 2.89 | 22.50±1.70 | 0.472 | Insignificant | |
| Right | 23.17±3.08 | 22.88± 3.13 | 28.35± 0.07 | 0.987 | Insignificant | ||
| 3 mo | Multifidus | Left | 4.08± 0.25 | 4.11± 0.30 | 3.95± 0.35 | 0.370 | Insignificant |
| Right | 3.87± 0.23 | 3.93± 0.42 | 3.95±0.21 | 0.483 | Insignificant | ||
| Erector spinae | Left | 8.98± 1.15 | 9.13± 1.98 | 14.25±6.72 | 0.105 | Insignificant | |
| Right | 9.34± 0.55 | 8.85± 1.39 | 14.60± 0.00 | 0.001 | A-B=0.034, B-C=0.003, A-C=0.038 | ||
| Ilio-psoas | Left | 6.49± 1.12 | 6.34± 0.43 | 6.35± 0.07 | 0.455 | Insignificant | |
| Right | 5.97± 0.54 | 6.20±0.30 | 6.20± 0.28 | 0.976 | Insignificant | ||
| Quadratus lumborum | Left | 4.63± 0.35 | 4.72± 0.39 | 4.10± 0.57 | 0.205 | Insignificant | |
| Right | 4.73± 0.40 | 4.40±0.38 | 4.40±0.42 | 0.069 | Insignificant | ||
| Rectus abdominis | Left | 4.63± 0.60 | 4.50± 0.42 | 4.50±0.00 | 0.054 | Insignificant | |
| Right | 5.03± 0.16 | 5.08± 0.30 | 4.85± 0.07 | 0.048 | A-C=0.049 | ||
| Obliques | Left | 18.92± 3.51 | 17.75± 3.18 | 21.35± 1.77 | 0.780 | Insignificant | |
| Right | 18.18± 2.83 | 18.95± 3.65 | 17.35±7.00 | 0.224 | Insignificant | ||
| 6 mo | Multifidus | Left | 4.25± 0.23 | 4.42± 0.55 | 4.15±0.07 | 0.527 | Insignificant |
| Right | 4.02± 0.77 | 4.06± 0.51 | 4.10± 0.14 | 0.259 | Insignificant | ||
| Erector spinae | Left | 9.16± 0.65 | 9.57± 0.72 | 10.25±0.92 | 0.665 | Insignificant | |
| Right | 9.44±0.56 | 10.17± 1.00 | 9.80±0.00 | 0.043 | Insignificant | ||
| Ilio-psoas | Left | 6.50± 0.34 | 6.58± 0.38 | 6.70± 0.14 | 0.001 | B-C=0.003, A-C=0.001 | |
| Right | 5.84± 0.54 | 6.30±0.42 | 6.25± 0.50 | 0.918 | Insignificant | ||
| Quadratus lumborum | Left | 4.33±0.56 | 4.78± 0.30 | 4.45± 0.07 | 0.236 | Insignificant | |
| Right | 4.48± 0.34 | 4.59± 0.29 | 4.60±0.28 | 0.348 | Insignificant | ||
| Rectus abdominis | Left | 4.81± 0.40 | 4.65± 0.49 | 4.85± 0.78 | 0.024 | B-C=0.021, A-C=0.034 | |
| Right | 5.13±0.16 | 5.15± 0.36 | 5.50± 0.00 | 0.259 | Insignificant | ||
| Obliques | Left | 21.03± 4.01 | 20.37± 3.02 | 21.50± 2.26 | 0.697 | Insignificant | |
| Right | 21.80± 2.16 | 21.80± 2.18 | 24.65±0.50 | 0.379 | Insignificant | ||
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation. A-B means complete SCI versus incomplete SCI; B-C means incomplete SCI versus no deficit; A-C means complete SCI versus no deficit.
CSA, cross-sectional area; SCI, spinal cord injury; ASIA, American Spinal Injury Association.
a)
By one way analysis of variance test.