Table 1.
The demography of cases of incidental dural tear
| Case no. | Surgeons | Sex/age (yr) | Diagnosis | Procedure at tearing | Etiology | Location | Length | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | S1 | M/72 | LSS L4–5 | Punching on flavectomy | Blurred visual field | Central | 4 mm | Gelform |
| 2 | S1 | M/52 | LDH L4–5 | Serial muscle dilator | Unpracticed handling | Central | 10 mm | Gelform |
| 3 | S1 | F/61 | LSS L 4–5 | Burring | Blurred visual field | Contra-lateral | >15 mm, flap tear | 1st: Fibrin Glue; 2nd: open repair at PO 5 wk |
| 4 | S1 | M/43 | Recurred LDH L 4–5 | Curetting | Adhesion; blurred visual field | Ipsilateral | 10 mm | TachoSil, Fibrin Glue |
| 5 | S2 | F/70 | LSS L4–5 | Punching on flavectomy | Blurred visual field | Central | 2 mm | Fibrin Glue |
| 6 | S2 | F/57 | LSS L3–4–5 | Punching on flavectomy | Blurred visual field | Central | 7 mm | Gelfom, Fibrin Glue |
| 7 | S2 | M/50 | LDH L 4–5–S1 | Unnoticed during surgery | Sharp bone edge | Ipsilateral | 7 mm | 1st: blood patch (PO 2 wk); 2nd: open repair (PO 3 wk) |
| 8 | S2 | F/56 | LSS L4–5 | Punching | Central dural folding injury | Central | 15 mm | Open repair, immediately |
| 9 | S2 | M/60 | LSS T11–12 | Burring | Adhesion | Ipsilateral | 2 mm | TachoSil, Fibrin Glue |
| 10 | S2 | M/41 | LDH L2–3 | Punching on flavectomy | Blurred visual field | Ipsilateral | 3 mm | TachoSil, Fibrin Glue |
| 11 | S2 | F/55 | LSS L4–5 | Curetting | Adhesion; blurred visual field | Central | 20 mm | Open repair, immediately |
| 12 | S3 | M/38 | LDH L4–5 | Punching on laminectomy | Blind procedure | Ipsilateral | 3 mm | Gelform |
| 13 | S3 | F/74 | LSS L3–4–5 | Punching on flavectomy | Blurred visual field | Ipsilateral | 5 mm, flap tear | Gelform |
| 14 | S3 | F/71 | LSS L3–4, ASD | Punching on flavectomy | Adhesion | Ipsilateral | 4 mm | Gelform |
| 15 | S3 | M/86 | LSS L4–5 | Punching on flavectomy | Central dural folding injury | Central | 3 mm | Gelform |
| 16 | S3 | M/46 | LSS L5–S1, revision | Punching on flavectomy | Adhesion | Ipsilateral | 6 mm, flap tear | Gelform |
| 17 | S4 | M/47 | LDH L5–S1 | Osteotomy | Unpracticed handling | Ipsilateral | 3 mm | TachoSil |
| 18 | S4 | F/71 | LSS L3–4 | Curetting on flavectomy | Central dural folding injury | Central | 5 mm | TachoSil, Fibrin Glue |
| 19 | S4 | M/40 | LDH L4–5 | Curetting on flavectomy | Unpracticed handling | Ipsilateral | 10 mm | TachoSil |
| 20 | S4 | F/85 | LLS L3–4 | Punching on flavectomy | Blurred visual field | Central | 15 mm | Endoscopic clipping, TachoSil |
| 21 | S4 | M/61 | LLS L4–5 | Punching on flavectomy | High-level division root | Ipsilateral | 10 mm, root injury | TachoSil |
| 22 | S4 | F/74 | LLS L4–5 | Punching on flavectomy | Blurred visual field | Ipsilateral | 7 mm | TachoSil |
| 23 | S4 | M/64 | Recurred LDH L 4–5 | Curetting on flavectomy | Adhesion; blurred visual field | Contra-lateral | 7 mm, root injury | Observation |
| 24 | S4 | F/73 | LSS L4–5 | Punching on flavectomy | Blurred visual field | Ipsilateral | 5 mm | TachoSil |
| 25 | S4 | M/65 | LSS L4–5 | Pituitary forceping | Unpracticed handling | Ipsilateral | 12 mm | TachoSil, Fibrin Glue |
M, male; F, female; LSS, lumbar spinal stenosis; LDH, lumbar disc herniation; PO, postoperative; ASD, adjacent segment disease.