Table 1.
The Haddon matrix applied to road traffic injury prevention
| Phase | Factors |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human | Vehicles and equipment | Environment | ||
| Precrash | Crash prevention | Information | Roadworthiness | Road design and road layout |
| Attitudes | Lighting | Speed limit | ||
| Impairment | Braking | Pedestrian facilities | ||
| Police enforcement | Handling | |||
| Speed management | ||||
| Crash | Injury prevention during the crash | Use of restraints | Occupant restraints | Crash-protective roadside objects |
| Impairment | Other safety devices | |||
| Crash-protective design | ||||
| Postcrash | Life-sustaining | First-aid skills | Ease of access | Rescue facilities |
| Access to medics | Fire risk | Congestion | ||
Adapted from Haddon W Jr. Public Health Rep 1980;95:411-21 [52].