Table 4.
Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for attempted suicide in the past year
| Model one | Model two | Model three | Model four | Model five | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| Gambling status | ||||||
| Non-problem gambling (PGSI score 0) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| Low-risk gambling (PGSI score 1–2) | 0·6 (0·2–2·0) | 0·5 (0·2–1·9) | 0·5 (0·2–1·8) | 0·5 (0·1–1·9) | 0·5 (0·2–1·8) | |
| Moderate-risk gambling (PGSI score 3–7) | 1·1 (0·3–5·0) | 1·0 (0·2–4·9) | 0·9 (0·2–4·3) | 0·9 (0·2–4·1) | 0·8 (0·2–3·9) | |
| Problem gambling (PGSI score ≥8) | 12·9 (6·8–24·4) | 12·9 (6·8–24·7) | 7·9 (4·0–14·8) | 8·9 (4·5–17·7) | 9·0 (4·1–19·7) | |
| p value | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| Mixed or Other | 1·9 (0·7–5·0) | 1·9 (0·7–5·2) | 1·9 (0·7–5·0) | 2·1 (0·7–6·2) | 2·6 (0·9–7·2) | |
| Asian or Black | 1·0 (0·4–2·3) | 1·1 (0·5–2·7) | 1·1 (0·5–2·7) | 1·1 (0·5–2·7) | 1·1 (0·4–2·6) | |
| Missing | 1·5 (0·5–4·3) | 1·6 (0·6–4·4) | 1·5 (0·5–4·3) | 1·4 (0·4–4·5) | 1·4 (0·4–4·7) | |
| p value | 0·58 | 0·54 | 0·57 | 0·53 | 0·35 | |
| Local-area level of deprivation | ||||||
| Not in most deprived quintile | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| Most deprived quintile | 2·0 (1·1–3·9) | 2·1 (1·1–4·0) | 2·1 (1·1–4·0) | 2·5 (1·2–4·9) | 2·2 (1·1–4·3) | |
| Missing | 1·0 (0·5–2·1) | 1·1 (0·5–2·4) | 1·1 (0·5–2·5) | 1·2 (0·5–2·6) | 1·2 (0·6–2·6) | |
| p value | 0·081 | 0·073 | 0·077 | 0·034 | 0·092 | |
| Alcohol use | ||||||
| Non-drinker | .. | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| M-SASQ score 0–2 | .. | 1·3 (0·6–2·7) | 1·4 (0·7–3·0) | 1·2 (0·6–2·5) | 1·3 (0·6–2·8) | |
| M-SASQ score ≥3 | .. | 2·0 (0·9–4·8) | 1·9 (0·8–4·5) | 1·9 (0·8–4·4) | 2·1 (0·9–4·9) | |
| p value | .. | 0·23 | 0·31 | 0·12 | 0·23 | |
| Frequency of video-game play | ||||||
| Weekly or more | .. | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| Less than weekly or none | .. | 0·8 (0·5–1·4) | 0·7 (0·4–1·3) | 0·6 (0·4–1·1) | 0·7 (0·4–1·2) | |
| p value | .. | 0·42 | 0·29 | 0·11 | 0·15 | |
| Impulsivity | ||||||
| Impulsivity score | .. | .. | 1·9 (1·4–2·6) | 1·7 (1·2–2·3) | 1·5 (1·1–2·1) | |
| p value | .. | .. | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | 0·0018 | |
| Perceived loneliness | ||||||
| Never | .. | .. | .. | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| Not often | .. | .. | .. | 3·4 (0·4–27·9) | 3·0 (0·4–24·7) | |
| Sometimes | .. | .. | .. | 8·9 (1·2–65·2) | 6·5 (0·9–47·8) | |
| Very much | .. | .. | .. | 28·4 (3·9–210·1) | 15·3 (2·0–119·6) | |
| p value | .. | .. | .. | <0·0001 | 0·0011 | |
| Life satisfaction | ||||||
| Life satisfaction score | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0·9 (0·8–1·1) | |
| p value | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0·29 | |
| Anxiety | ||||||
| Anxiety score | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1·2 (1·1–1·4) | |
| p value | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0·0003 | |
| Women | ||||||
| Gambling status | ||||||
| Non-problem gambling (PGSI score 0) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| Low-risk gambling (PGSI score 1–2) | 0·6 (0·2–1·7) | 0·5 (0·2–1·5) | 0·5 (0·2–1·5) | 0·4 (0·1–1·4) | 0·5 (0·1–1·4) | |
| Moderate-risk gambling (PGSI score 3–7) | 2·6 (0·9–7·7) | 2·4 (0·8–7·2) | 1·6 (0·5–5·1) | 1·8 (0·6–4·8) | 1·8 (0·7–4·7) | |
| Problem gambling (PGSI score ≥8) | 7·8 (3·7–16·3) | 7·2 (3·4–15·2) | 3·5 (1·6–7·6) | 4·9 (2·0–11·9) | 4·9 (2·0–12·0) | |
| p value | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | 0·0051 | 0·0013 | 0·0020 | |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| Mixed or Other | 3·7 (1·7–8·5) | 4·1 (1·8–9·2) | 4·4 (19–10·3) | 5·6 (2·4–13·0) | 6·0 (2·5–14·2) | |
| Asian or Black | 0·7 (0·2–2·0) | 0·8 (0·3–2·3) | 0·6 (0·2–2·0) | 0·5 (0·1–1·9) | 0·5 (0·2–2·0) | |
| Missing | 0·7 (0·2–2·1) | 0·8 (0·3–2·2) | 0·8 (0·3–2·5) | 1·1 (0·3–3·6) | 1·0 (0·3–3·5) | |
| p value | 0·0097 | 0·0064 | 0·0053 | 0·0007 | 0·0006 | |
| Local-area level of deprivation | ||||||
| Not in most deprived quintile | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| Most deprived quintile | 1·3 (0·8–2·2) | 1·2 (0·7–2·0) | 1·1 (0·6–1·8) | 1·1 (0·6–1·9) | 1·2 (0·7–2·0) | |
| Missing | 0·3 (0·1–1·5) | 0·3 (0·1–1·4) | 0·3 (0·1–1·4) | 0·4 (0·1–1·8) | 0·4 (0·1–1·9) | |
| p value | 0·17 | 0·23 | 0·31 | 0·41 | 0·41 | |
| Alcohol use | ||||||
| Non-drinker | .. | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| M-SASQ score 0–2 | .. | 1·2 (0·7–2·1) | 1·0 (0·6–1·9) | 0·9 (0·5–1·6) | 0·9 (0·5–1·6) | |
| M-SASQ score ≥3 | .. | 2·0 (1·0–3·8) | 1·2 (0·6–2·4) | 1·0 (0·5–2·6) | 1·0 (0·5–2·2) | |
| p value | .. | 0·12 | 0·86 | 0·87 | 0·90 | |
| Frequency of video-game play | ||||||
| Weekly or more | .. | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| Less than weekly or none | .. | 2·0 (1·3–3·3) | 1·9 (1·2–3·1) | 1·6 (1·0–2·7) | 1·6 (0·9–2·7) | |
| p value | .. | 0·0038 | 0·010 | 0·065 | 0·078 | |
| Impulsivity | ||||||
| Impulsivity score | .. | .. | 2·3 (1·7–3·0) | 2·0 (1·5–2·6) | 1·9 (1·4–2·6) | |
| p value | .. | .. | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | |
| Perceived loneliness | ||||||
| Never | .. | .. | .. | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| Not often | .. | .. | .. | 1·4 (0·3–5·6) | 1·4 (0·3–5·9) | |
| Sometimes | .. | .. | .. | 2·3 (0·6–8·6) | 2·0 (0·5–7·6) | |
| Very much | .. | .. | .. | 12·4 (3·3–46·6) | 8·3 (2·0–35·1) | |
| p value | .. | .. | .. | <0·0001 | <0·0001 | |
| Life satisfaction | ||||||
| Life satisfaction score | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0·9 (0·8–1·0) | |
| p value Life satisfaction score | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0·13 | |
| Anxiety | ||||||
| Anxiety score | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1·1 (0·9–1·2) | |
| p value | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0·29 | |
PGSI=Problem Gambling Severity Index. M-SASQ=modified single alcohol screening questionnaire.