Table 1.

Summary of typical properties of some representative FEMs

		Compounds	Spontaneous polarization [μC cm−2] a)	Curie temperature [K] a)	Young's modulus, [GPa] a)	Biocompatibility	Biodegradability	Published reports for biomedical applications	Reference
Inorganic		BaTiO3	26	396	230	Low toxic	Nondegradable	Extensive	[ 31 ]
		LiNbO3	70	891	135	Low toxic	Nondegradable	Extensive	[ 31 , 32 ]
		Pb(ZrxTi1− x)O3	10–18	373–473	130–150	Potential toxicity of metal	Nondegradable	Extensive	[ 33 , 34 ]
		BiFeO3	95	1100	131–170	Low toxic	Nondegradable	Extensive	[ 35 ]
Organic	Polymer	PVDF	≈8	≈400	≈2	Nontoxic	Nondegradable	Extensive	[ 36 ]
		Nylon	≈8	≈450	≈3	Nontoxic	Nondegradable	Rare	[ 37 ]
	Organic perovskites	N‐methyl‐N′‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octonium—NH4I3	22	448	N.A. c)	N.A. c)	N.A. c)	None	[ 38 ]
	Organic salt	Diisopropylammonium bromide	23	426	50	N.A. c)	Water‐soluble	None	[ 39 ]
	Biomolecules	Glycine	70	N.A. c)	26‐94	Biocompatible b)	Degradable b)	Rare	[ 40 ]
		Elastin	1	570	N.A. c)	Biocompatible b)	Degradable b)	None	[ 15 , 26 ]
		Peptide (diphenylalanine peptide self‐assemblies)	4	N.A. c)	≈19	Biocompatible b)	Degradable b)	Considerable	[ 27 , 41 ]
Hybrids	Metal‐organic framework	[Co(II)Cl3(H‐MPPA)]	6.8	N.A. c)	N.A. c)	Potential toxicity of metal	N.A. c)	None	[ 38 , 42 ]
	Organic‐inorganic perovskite	Me3NCH2ClMnCl3	4.0	406	N.A. c)	Potential toxicity of metal	N.A. c)	None	[ 25b ]

^a)Data based on testing on bulk crystals;

^b)Considered as biocompatible or biodegradable. However, the corresponding immunological response needs to be evaluated;

^c)Data not available.