Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Medicare Beneficiaries Diagnosed With PHPT, 2006-2016.
| Characteristic | Patient group, No. (%)a | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n = 210 206) | Parathyroidectomy (n = 63 136) | Nonoperative management (n = 147 070) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 44 569 (21.2) | 13 684 (21.7) | 30 885 (21.0) |
| Female | 165 637 (78.8) | 49 452 (78.3) | 116 185 (79.0) |
| Age, y | |||
| 66-75 | 117 960 (56.1) | 42 024 (66.6) | 75 936 (51.6) |
| 76-85 | 73 491 (35.0) | 19 010 (30.1) | 54 481 (37.0) |
| ≥86 | 18 755 (8.9) | 2102 (3.3) | 16 653 (11.3) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 183 433 (87.3) | 56 888 (90.1) | 126 545 (86.0) |
| Black | 19 797 (9.4) | 4741 (7.5) | 15 056 (10.2) |
| Asian | 1953 (0.9) | 390 (0.6) | 1563 (1.1) |
| Hispanic | 2280 (1.1) | 480 (0.8) | 1800 (1.2) |
| American Native | 453 (0.2) | 150 (0.2) | 303 (0.2) |
| Other | 2290 (1.1) | 487 (0.8) | 1803 (1.2) |
| ADI groupb | |||
| Advantaged | |||
| Most | 52 899 (25.2) | 12 717 (20.1) | 40 182 (27.3) |
| Slightly | 68 471 (32.6) | 20 784 (32.9) | 47 687 (32.4) |
| Disadvantaged | |||
| Slightly | 65 887 (31.3) | 22 093 (35.0) | 43 794 (29.8) |
| Most | 22 949 (10.9) | 7542 (11.9) | 15 407 (10.5) |
| Geography | |||
| Urban | 178 718 (85.0) | 51 689 (81.9) | 127 029 (86.4) |
| Rural | 31 488 (15.0) | 11 447 (18.1) | 20 041 (13.6) |
| Region | |||
| Midwest | 43 340 (20.6) | 15 031 (23.8) | 28 309 (19.2) |
| Northeast | 51 574 (24.5) | 9720 (15.4) | 41 854 (28.5) |
| South | 78 235 (37.2) | 26 629 (42.2) | 51 606 (35.1) |
| West | 37 057 (17.6) | 11 756 (18.6) | 25 301 (17.2) |
| Frailtyc | |||
| Robust | 76 954 (36.6) | 27 759 (44.0) | 49 195 (33.5) |
| Prefrail | 107 248 (51.0) | 30 394 (48.1) | 76 854 (52.3) |
| Mild | 18 316 (8.7) | 3531 (5.6) | 14 785 (10.1) |
| Moderate to severe | 7688 (3.7) | 1452 (2.3) | 6236 (4.2) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score | |||
| 0 | 51 534 (24.5) | 19 069 (30.2) | 32 465 (22.1) |
| 1 | 47 758 (22.7) | 15 372 (24.3) | 32 386 (22.0) |
| ≥2 | 110 914 (52.8) | 28 695 (45.4) | 82 219 (55.9) |
| Consensus guideline criteria | |||
| History | |||
| Stage 3 CKD | 17 566 (8.4) | 3565 (5.6) | 14 001 (9.5) |
| Nephrolithiasis | 28 239 (13.4) | 10 241 (16.2) | 17 998 (12.2) |
| Osteoporosis | 110 314 (52.5) | 32 067 (50.8) | 78 247 (53.2) |
| Endocrinologist care | 98 660 (46.9) | 34 142 (54.1) | 64 518 (43.9) |
Abbreviations: ADI, Area Deprivation Index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; PHPT, primary hyperparathyroidism.
a
Percentages have been rounded and may not total 100.
b
Determined based on mailing zip code of beneficiary according to the Neighborhood Atlas.15
c
Determined based on the validated claims-based frailty index.18