Hemolytic activity of LLO, LLO W492A, LLOT, and LLO D1–3 was measured from three independent experiments, each performed in duplicate, as EC50,
i.e. the toxin/toxoid concentration required to cause 50% hemolysis. Average EC50 is shown above each column. P values were calculated using a two-tailed Student’s t-test (* = P, <0.05; ** = P <0.01; *** = P <0.001).