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. 2020 Nov 23;8(1):2001983. doi: 10.1002/advs.202001983

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Snapshot of the novel nonlinear multiscale phenomena and potential applications arising from fluid– and material–structure interactions associated with the coupling of phonon energy from MHz‐order acoustic forcing into either fluids or bulk/2D crystalline and biological materials. The highlighted text in red indicates the many different length scales over which the coupling remarkably occurs. While various hypotheses have been discussed, a definitive and unifying framework for the underlying physicochemical mechanism responsible for the coupling is still an open scientific question (Novel phenomena: Reproduced with permission.[ 161 ] Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry. Real world interfaces: Reproduced with permission.[ 200 ] Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society. Cells: Reproduced with permission.[ 148 ] Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. Tissues: Reproduced with permission.[ 146 ] Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry. Oriented structures: Reproduced under a CC‐BY 4.0 license.[ 115 ] Published by Springer Nature. Deposition; Exfoliation: Reproduced with permission.[ 123 ] Copyright 2018, Wiley‐VCH. Manipulation: Reproduced with permission.[ 131 ] Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society).