Table 2.

Common etiologies of cavernous sinus syndrome.

Etiology	Number of patients (% age) (n = 48)
Fungal infections (aspergillosis in 7; mucormycosis in 3; probable fungal in 6)	18 (33.3%)
Neoplastic involvement (metastases in 4; pituitary macroadenoma in 3; nasopharyngeal carcinoma in 2; meningiomas in 2; leukemia/lymphoma 1 each)	13 (27.1%)
Tolosa–Hunt syndrome	12 (25%)
Vascular causes	3 (6.3%)
Others (hypertrophic pachymeningitis in 1; septic cavernous sinus thrombosis in 1; tuberculosis in 1; diabetic ophthalmoplegia in 1)	4 (8.3%)