Table 2.

The L₁ measure of imbalance between two groups before and after Coarsened Exact Matching

Variables	Before Matching		After Matching
	L1 (Mean)	L1 (SE)	L1 (Mean)	L1 (SE)
Sex	0.0083	0.0083	2.6 × 10−15	2.9 × 10−15
Age group	0.0833	0.1662	3.8 × 10− 15	−7.1 × 10− 15
Chronic conditions	0.0632	0.0632	2.2 × 10− 15	2.8 × 10− 15
Economic status	0.1057	−0.2737	2.7 × 10− 15	−3.1 × 10− 15
Educational level	0.1451	−0.3527	3.2 × 10− 15	−5.3 × 10− 15
Marital status	0.0144	0.0247	3.7 × 10−16	−4.4 × 10− 15
Employment status	0.0256	0.0256	2.8 × 10−15	1.3 × 10− 15
Basic medical insurance	0.1514	0.1514	7.9 × 10−16	−2.4 × 10−15
Commercial insurance	0.0023	−0.0023	6.2 × 10−16	4.7 × 10−16
Minimum travel time to the nearest health-care facility	0.0024	−0.0024	1.2 × 10−16	1.1 × 10−15
Residential areas	0.4242	3.3935	3.1 × 10−15	5.5 × 10−14
Multivariate L1	0.5648		3.6 × 10−15
Total, N	6503		4566

Note: The overall imbalance is given by L₁ statistic, introduced in Iacus, King, and Porro (2008) as a comprehensive measure of global imbalance. L₁ reported the L_1j measure, which is L₁ computed for the j_th variable separated. The mean was labeled in parentheses reported the difference in means