Table 4.
Mixed-effects linear regression estimates for mean differences in HRQoL utility scores by gender, school type and residence in this study
| Gender | School type | Residence | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boys (N = 2204) | Girls (N = 2184) | Primary (N = 1602) | Junior high (N = 1455) | Senior high (N = 1331) | Rural (N = 2030) | Sub-urban (N = 997) | Urban (N = 1361) | |||||||||||||||||
| Mean | 95% CI | P | Mean | 95% CI | P | Mean | 95% CI | P | Mean | 95% CI | P | Mean | 95% CI | P | Mean | 95% CI | P | Mean | 95% CI | P | Mean | 95% CI | P | |
| Physical activitya | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Insufficient | − 0.02 | − 0.04, − 0.01 | 0.008 | − 0.03 | − 0.05, − 0.01 | 0.005 | − 0.027 | − 0.03, 0.00 | 0.046 | − 0.02 | − 0.04, − 0.001 | 0.043 | − 0.04 | − 0.07, − 0.01 | 0.010 | − 0.02 | − 0.04, − 0.01 | 0.007 | − 0.04 | − 0.07, − 0.02 | 0.001 | − 0.01 | − 0.05, 0.02 | 0.406 |
| Screen time | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ≥ 2 h/day | − 0.05 | − 0.09, − 0.01 | 0.009 | − 0.04 | − 0.09, − 0.001 | 0.047 | − 0.08 | − 0.13, − 0.03 | 0.006 | − 0.06 | − 0.09, − 0.02 | 0.005 | − 0.003 | − 0.06, 0.05 | 0.903 | − 0.06 | − 0.10, − 0.01 | 0.009 | − 0.01 | − 0.07, 0.05 | 0.765 | − 0.04 | − 0.11, 0.02 | 0.163 |
| Sleeping timeb | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Insufficient | − 0.06 | − 0.08, − 0.04 | 0.000 | − 0.05 | − 0.07, − 0.03 | 0.000 | − 0.03 | − 0.05, − 0.01 | 0.025 | − 0.08 | − 0.11, − 0.05 | 0.000 | − 0.06 | − 0.10, − 0.02 | 0.005 | − 0.04 | − 0.06, − 0.01 | 0.004 | − 0.08 | − 0.12, − 0.04 | 0.000 | − 0.08 | − 0.11, − 0.05 | 0.000 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverage consumptionc | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | − 0.01 | − 0.03, 0.002 | 0.085 | − 0.04 | − 0.06, − 0.02 | 0.000 | − 0.04 | − 0.06, − 0.02 | 0.000 | − 0.03 | − 0.05, − 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.002(0.011) | − 0.02, 0.02 | 0.883 | − 0.02(0.01) | − 0.04, − 0.01 | 0.003 | − 0.03 | − 0.06, − 0.01 | 0.004 | − 0.02 | − 0.04, 0.001 | 0.067 |
| Fast food consumption c | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | − 0.02 | − 0.04, − 0.01 | 0.008 | − 0.04 | − 0.05, − 0.02 | 0.000 | − 0.03 | − 0.05, − 0.01 | 0.011 | − 0.03 | − 0.06, − 0.00 | 0.009 | − 0.03 | − 0.05, − 0.01 | 0.020 | − 0.04(0.01) | − 0.05, − 0.02 | 0.000 | − 0.03 | − 0.05, 0.003 | 0.073 | − 0.03 | − 0.06, 0.002 | 0.061 |
Mixed-effects linear regression analysis with adjustment for age, gender, school type, residence, parental educational attainment, body weight status and class-level clustering effects
aSufficient physical activity refers to at least 60 min/day moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity plus ≥ 3 days muscle/bone-strengthening; while insufficient physical activity means less than 60 min/day moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity or having no ≥ 3 days muscle/bone-strengthening
bSleeping time: sufficient sleeping time was defined as 10 h/day for children aged 7–13, 9 h/day for children aged 13–16, and 8 h/day for those aged 16–19, based on guidelines for promotion of children and adolescents’ physical activity and fitness by The State Council of China
cSugar-sweetened beverage and fast food consumption was separately categorized into: “no” or “yes” based on the weekly consumption frequency, separately