Table 2.

Metabolic engineered strains of microorganisms used for biofuel production

Organisms	Product	Pathway	Substrate	References
Corynebacterium glutamicum	3-Hydroxypropic acid	Glycerol	Glucose, xylose	[185]
Clostridium autoethanogenum	Ethanol	Ferredoxin oxidoreductase	Synthetic medium	[186]
Synechocystis sp.	Isobutanol	Ehrlich	Glucose	[187]
S. elongates	1,3-Propanediol	Synthetic metabolic pathway	Synthetic medium	[188]
E. coli	Fatty alcohol	Fatty acyl-ACP reductase-dependent	Synthetic medium	[189]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	2,3-Butanediol	Butanediol biosynthetic	Glucose, galactose	[190]
Klebsiella pneumoniae	2-Butanol	Meso-2,3-butanediol synthesis	Glucose	[191]
C. cellulolyticum	n-Butanol	CoA-dependent	Cellulose	[15]
Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum	n-Butanol	n-butanol	Xylose	[232]
Enterobacter cloacae	2,3-Butanediol	Pentose phosphate	Lignocellulose	[192]
Methylobacterium extorqens	1-Butanol	Ethyl malonyl-CoA	Ethylamine	[193]
C. cellulovorans	Ethanol, n-Butanol	Fatty acyl-ACP reductase-dependent	Cellulose	[194]
Caldicellulosiruptor	Hydrogen	Glycolytic	Lignocellulose	[195]
Bescii
S. cerevisiae	Isobutanol	Embden-Meyerhof	Synthetic medium	[196]
S. cerevisiae	n-Butanol	Clostridial acetoacetyl-CoA-derived pathway	Synthetic minimal	[197]
S. cerevisiae strain XUSAE57	Ethanol	Xylose‐isomerase pathway	Xylose and Glucose	[198]
Clostridium Tyrobutyricum	n-Butanol	Xylose metabolic pathway	Glucose and Xylose	[199]
Clostridium acetobutylicum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae	n-Butanol	Clostridial acetoacetyl-CoA-derived pathway	Glucose, corn, starch, and corn stover	[200, 201]
Clostridium thermocellum and Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum	Ethanol	Embden-Meyerhof	Cellulose	[202]
E. coli	1-butanol,	2-keto acid degradation pathway	Glucose	[144]
	2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol