Table 3.
Association between intervention and outcomes among the participating children (N = 68, Per-protocol analysis)
| Outcome | All | Sham Tuina (N = 35) | Pediatric Tuina (N = 33) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Times of diarrhea on day 3 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 4.8 (4.2) | 5.7 (4.7) | 3.8 (3.2) |
| Median (IQR) | 4 (2,6.5) | 4 (3,8) | 3 (2,6) |
| Crude RR (95%CI) | Ref | 0.66 (0.53–0.83) | |
| Adjusted RR (95%CI)a | Ref | 0.84 (0.65–1.09) | |
| Days of diarrhea from baseline | |||
| Mean (SD) | 4.4 (3.4) | 4.7 (3.2) | 4.1 (3.6) |
| Median (IQR) | 3 (2,6) | 4 (3,6) | 3 (2,6) |
| Crude RR (95%CI) | Ref | 0.87 (0.69–1.11) | |
| Adjusted RR (95%CI)b | Ref | 0.96 (0.75–1.25) | |
| Evaluation at day 7 | |||
| Much better (N[%]) | 47 (69.1) | 25 (71.4) | 22 (66.7) |
| Slightly better or no change (ref) (N[%]) | 18 (26.5) | 7 (20.0) | 11 (33.3) |
| Missing (N[%]) | 3 (4.4) | 3 (8.6) | 0 (0.0) |
| Crude OR(95%CI) | Ref | 0.56 (0.19–1.69) | |
| Adjusted OR (95%CI)b | Ref | 0.63 (0.18–2.25) | |
| Evaluation at day 14 | |||
| Much better (N[%]) | 49 (72.1) | 24 (68.6) | 25 (75.8) |
| Slightly better or no change (ref) (N[%]) | 15 (22.1) | 9 (25.7) | 6 (18.2) |
| Missing (N[%]) | 4 (5.9) | 2 (5.7) | 2 (6.1) |
| Crude OR(95%CI) | Ref | 1.56 (0.48–5.06) | |
| Adjusted OR (95%CI)b | Ref | 1.38 (0.34–5.53) | |
| Number of days when the stool characteristics returned to normal | |||
| Mean (SD) | 7.0 (3.7) | 7.1 (3.8) | 6.9 (3.7) |
| Median (IQR) | 7 (4,7) | 7 (4,8) | 7 (4,7) |
| Crude RR (95%CI) | Ref | 0.97 (0.81–1.16) | |
| Adjusted RR (95%CI)b | Ref | 0.95 (0.78–1.16) | |
SD Standard deviation, IQR Interquartile range
Risk ratios were estimated from Poisson Regression
Odds ratios were estimated from Logistic Regression
aModel adjusted for age, sex, history of infectious and digestive diseases, food allergy, hours of diarrhea before randomization, numbers of treatments/medications before randomization, numbers of the symptoms before randomization, times of diarrhea during the past 24 h before randomization, times of diarrhea on Day 2, numbers of usual care from Day 1 to Day 2, and concomitant treatment from Day 1 to Day 2
bModel adjusted for age, sex, history of infectious and digestive diseases, food allergy, hours of diarrhea before randomization, numbers of treatments/medications before randomization, numbers of the symptoms before randomization, numbers of usual care from Day 1 to Day 3, and concomitant treatment from Day 1 to Day 3