Table 2.

Summary of cross-sectional associations between food, physical activity and media domains and child adiposity outcomes (n = 58^a)

Constructs assessed	N (%) studies examining construct	Association with child adiposity outcome
		Positive association	Negative association	Null association
Media domain
Greater availability & access to electronic devices	29	21	0	8
Caregiver rules/ limits around media	16	2	5	9
Caregiver modelling of media use	5	2	0	3
Food domain
Greater availability & access to EDF	12	3	1	8
Greater availability & access to F&V	11	1	2	8
Caregiver modelling of eating	10	1	3	6
Caregiver rules/ limits around unhealthy eating	3	0	0	3
Physical activity domain
Greater availability of & access to PA	7	1	2	4
Caregiver modelling & support of PA	13	0	4b	9b

Abbreviations: EDF Energy dense foods, F&V Fruit and vegetables, PA physical activity

^aFour studies [73, 74, 78, 82] are omitted from this table as it was not possible to summarise the findings of studies that created composite scores across two or three domains of the HE. Details of these studies can be found in Table 1

^bOne study [59] examining caregiver modelling of PA reported different findings by the type of activity modelled: Modelling of commuting to school/work by bike or walking was associated with lower BMI Z-score (r = − 0.062) but modelling of vigorous PA was not associated with BMI z-score or waist circumference