Table 1.
Health-care service utilization and socio-demographic characteristics of the sample
| Variables | Total frequency (%) | Urban (%) | Rural (%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inpatient care in 2013 | 0.006 | |||
| No | 11,867 (87.57) | 4372 (86.56) | 7495 (88.18) | |
| Yes | 1684 (12.43) | 679 (13.44) | 1005 (11.82) | |
| Outpatient care in 2013 | 0.703 | |||
| No | 10,533 (77.73) | 3935 (77.91) | 6598 (77.62) | |
| Yes | 3018 (22.27) | 1116 (22.09) | 1902 (22.38) | |
| Inpatient care in 2015 | 0.011 | |||
| No | 11,637 (85.88) | 4288 (84.89) | 7349 (86.46) | |
| Yes | 1914 (14.12) | 763 (15.11) | 1151 (13.54) | |
| Outpatient care in 2015 | 0.226 | |||
| No | 10,754 (79.36) | 4036 (79.90) | 6718 (79.04) | |
| Yes | 2797 (20.64) | 1015 (20.10) | 1782 (20.96) | |
| Gender | 0.028 | |||
| Male | 6556 (48.38) | 2382 (47.16) | 4174 (49.11) | |
| Female | 6995 (51.62) | 2669 (52.84) | 4326 (50.89) | |
| Marital status | 0.518 | |||
| Unmarried | 1379 (10.18) | 503 (9.96) | 876 (10.31) | |
| Married | 12,172 (89.92) | 4548 (90.04) | 7624 (89.69) | |
| Hukou status | < 0.001 | |||
| Non-agricultural hukou | 2761 (20.37) | 2374 (47.00) | 387 (4.55) | |
| Agricultural hukou | 10,790 (79.63) | 2677 (53.00) | 8113 (95.45) | |
| Smoking history | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 7509 (55.41) | 2888 (57.18) | 4621 (54.36) | |
| Yes | 6042 (44.59) | 2163 (42.82) | 3879 (45.64) | |
| Medical insurance | 0.507 | |||
| No | 441 (3.25) | 171 (3.39) | 270 (5.35) | |
| Yes | 13,110 (96.75) | 4880 (96.61) | 8230 (94.65) | |
| Self-report health | < 0.001 | |||
| Good | 3182 (23.48) | 1296 (25.66) | 1886 (22.19) | |
| Fair | 7196 (53.10) | 2835 (56.13) | 4361 (51.31) | |
| Poor | 3173 (23.42) | 920 (18.21) | 2253 (26.50) | |
| Chronic disease | 0.730 | |||
| No | 3813 (28.14) | 1430(28.31) | 2383 (28.04) | |
| Yes | 9738 (71.86) | 3621(71.69) | 6117 (71.96) | |
| Current living place | ||||
| Rural | 8500 (62.73) | – | – | |
| Urban | 5051 (37.27) | – | – | |
| Region | < 0.001 | |||
| East | 5236 (38.64) | 2166 (42.88) | 3070 (36.12) | |
| Central | 3446 (25.43) | 1262 (24.99) | 2184 (25.69) | |
| West | 4869 (35.93) | 1623 (32,13) | 3246 (38.19) | |
| Depression | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 10,354 (76.41) | 4120 (81.57) | 6234 (73.34) | |
| Yes | 3197 (23.59) | 931 (18.43) | 2266 (26.66) | |
| Variable | Mean (Std.) | |||
| Age | 59.30 (9.14) | 59.44 (9.22) | 59.21 (9.09) | 0.147 |
| Education years | 5.39 (4.15) | 6.75 (4.25) | 4.59 (3.88) | < 0.001 |
| Income | 4.29 (1.04) | 4.63 (1.01) | 4.10 (1.01) | < 0.001 |
| N | 13,551 | 8500 | 5051 |
“1.000” was the result of keeping 3 decimal places
Income was logarithm
Std. Standard deviation;