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. 2021 Jan 6;21:14. doi: 10.1186/s12866-020-02066-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Mutations in vgrG, clpV and hcp1 decrease the virulence of Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis. Images show susceptible cassava leaves inoculated with the Xpm strains CIO151 (positive control), ΔvgrG, ΔclpV, ΔicmF, Δhcp and ΔhrpX (negative control) strains. a. Symptoms obtained at 15 dpi (days post inoculation) using a hole inoculation assay. Similar results were obtained in two independent biological replicates. b. Symptoms obtained at 15 days post inoculation (dpi) using inoculation with scissors. c. Average lesion area produced by the Xpm strains in evaluation at 15 dpi using a hole inoculation assay (from (a)). Values are the means ± standard deviations from five replicates. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed. ** Significant difference (p-value < 0.01)