Table 2.
HIV-Plasmodium vivax co-infections according by country
| Author, year | Country (city) | Type of study/ study population | Total malaria cases | Total P. vivax malaria cases | Vivax malaria cases with prior HIV/AIDS | Mean age of population (± SD)/(IQR) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volsky, 1986 [43] | Venezuela (Tachira) | Cross-sectional/patients presenting to hospital for malaria diagnosis | 24 | 12 | 5a (20.8) | 10–60 |
| Lo, 1991 [44] | Brazil (São Paulo) | Cross-sectional/selected patients seeking care for malaria, who had shared injectable drugs. HIV and vivax malaria were transmitted by needle sharing in most cases | 12 | 12 | 3 (25.0) | 24 |
| Barata, 1993 [45] | Brazil (São Paulo) | Cross-sectional/selected patients seeking care for malaria, who had shared injectable drugs. HIV and vivax malaria were transmitted by needle sharing needle sharing in most cases | 99 | 24 |
Unknown 99 tests, 24 P. vivax malaria, 52 HIV + |
23 (± 6.3) |
| Erhabor, 2006 [46] | Nigeria (Niger Delta) | Case–control within an ART program/ patients attending a health facility | 30 | 2 | 2 (6.7) | 35.2 (± 1.29) |
| Ramírez-Olivencia, 2011 [83] | Spain (Madrid) | Retrospective case-series/patients diagnosed with malaria in a local hospital | 398 | 8 | 1 (0.25) | 36.5 (31–47) |
| Bharti, 2012 [47] | India (Chennai) | Cross-sectional/subjects randomly selected from newly diagnosed HIV-1 + individuals seen at a Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center | 45 | 27 | 27 (60.0)b | 40(± 9) |
| Wondimeneh, 2013 [48] | Ethiopia (Gondar) | Retrospective/HIV + adult individuals with febrile illness | 73 | 20 | 20 (27.4)b | 33.5 + 9 |
| Douglas, 2014 [49] |
Indonesia (Papua province) |
Retrospective/all P. vivax individuals attending to a hospital | 3495 | 3495 | 5 (0.1) | 3.1 (1.8–24.5) |
| Rattanapunya, 2015 [50] |
Thailand (Tak province) |
Cross-sectional/malaria patients attending to clinic | 867 | 350 | 9(1.0) | ND |
| Mohapatra, 2017 [51] |
India (Manipur and Mizoram) |
Prospective/ follow-up of HIV + individuals | 333 | 22 | 3(0.9)b |
28.9 (± 6.3) (Manipur); 34.5 (± 6.5) (Mizoram) |
| Sahle, 2017 [52] | Ethiopia (Ethiopia) | Cross-sectional/HIV + adults | 86 | 3 | 3 (3.5)b | 31.95 (± 7.6) |
| Wondimeneh, 2018 [53] |
Ethiopia (Kolla-Diba) |
Cross-sectional/febrile patients attending to hospital | 91 | 35 | 4(11.4) |
28 (± 15.7) males; 28 (± 14.7) females |
SD standard deviation, ND not defined, ART antiretroviral therapy
a Recently HIV diagnosed
bStudy including only HIV + patients