Table 4.

Chemical assignment of Raman characteristic wavenumbers

Wavenumbers/cm−1	Assignment	References
788/800/1046/1073/1114/1222/1553	Chlorophyll a	[51]
971	β-carotene [τ(C11-C12)]	[52]
988	Chlorophyll	[53]
1026	β-carotene [ρ(9Me), ν(C8 − C9)]	[52]
1068/1155/1165/1265/1392/1530/1555	Chlorophyll a	[54]
1128/1160/1210/1380/1465/1523/1567/1644	Chlorophyll b	[54]
1133	β-carotene	[55]
1137	β-carotene [ν(C10 − C11)]	[52]
1144	Chlorophyll [ν(CN), δ(CNC)]	[53]
1145	Chlorophyll a [ν(CaN), δ(CaNCa)]	[52]
1149	β-carotene [14 − 15, 15H, 15 = 15 ‘]	[55]
1157	β-carotene [ν(C14 − C15), δ(C15 − H)]	[52]
1172	β-carotene [5 − 4, 18r, 6 − 7]	[55]
1186	Chlorophyll a [ν(CmC10), δ (CbH)]	[52]
1187	β-carotene [10H, 11H, 8 − 9]	[55]
1191	β-carotene [δ(C10 − H), δ(C11 − H)]	[52]
1216	β-carotene [ν(C12 − C13), δ(C14 − H)]	[52]
1225	Chlorophyll [δ(CH), δ(CH2)]	[53]
1226	β-carotene [12 − 13, 14H, 15 = 15 ‘]	[54]
1281	β-carotene [15H, 14H, CCC15b]	[55]
1310	β-carotene [12H, 11 = 12, 15 = 15 ‘]	[55]
1322	β-carotene [δ(C12 − H), ν(C11-C12)]	[52]
1347	β-carotene [12H, 11 = 12, 15 = 15 ‘]	[55]
1450	β-carotene [δas(9Me), δas(13Me)]	[52]
1485	β-carotene [13 = 14, 11 = 12, 12H]	[55]
1518	Lutein [C=C stretching vibration]	[56]
1524	Chlorophyll a [ν(CbCb), ν(CaCb)]	[52]
1528	Carotenoids [ν1(C=C)]	[52]
1542	Chlorophyll a [ν(CbCb)]	[52]
1552	Chlorophyll a [ν(CaCb), ν(CbCb)]	[52]
1562	β-carotene [11 = 12, 15H, 12H]	[55]