| Amotivation |
Amotivation |
Has no reason or intention to engage in the target behavior |
None (e.g., does not engage in physical activity even though one is advised to do so) |
| External regulation |
Extrinsic motivation |
Motivated by external controls prescribed by others. May only temporarily control behavior and is likely to show minimal effort |
-Gaining rewards |
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-Avoiding punishment (e.g., exercises to receive allowance promised by parents) |
| Introjected regulation |
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Motivated by internal pressure from internalized constructs of external controls. Does not truly value the behavior and may experience inner conflict |
-Feeling self-approval |
| -Avoiding feeling guilty (e.g., exercises after heavy meal because one is affected by societal ideal of thinness) |
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| Identified regulation |
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Motivated because behavior is perceived as important and useful. The behavior is usually a means to achieve certain outcomes |
-Outcomes of behavior (e.g., exercises to get healthy or lose weight) |
| Integrated regulation |
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Motivated because the behavior is in concordance with one’s values and sense of self. Stable and persistent type of motivation |
-Feeling of identification (e.g., plays soccer as a sports player, which is an important part of one’s identity) |
| Intrinsic regulation |
Intrinsic motivation |
Motivated because behavior is interesting and exciting in itself. A person engages in the behavior willingly and with self-determination |
-Enjoyment |
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-Pleasure |
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-Fun (e.g., riding a bicycle because it is enjoyable) |
