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. 2020 Dec 17;23(2):147. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11786

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Copyright: © Li et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Figure 5. — GLP-1 analog liraglutide induces autophagy and improves INS-1 cell survival in palmitate medium by activating FoxO1. Palmitate downregulated FoxO1, caused the dysfunction of autophagy and decreased INS-1 cell survival, thus inducing DM. The autophagy inhibitor chloroquine decreased the viability of INS-1 cells. Moreover, siFoxO1 suppressed autophagy and decreased the protection of liraglutide on the viability of INS-1 cells. Thus, liraglutide protected islet β-cells from T2DM. FoxO1, Forkhead box O1; LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain3; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; siRNA, small interfering RNA; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.