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. 2021 Jan 6;11:3. doi: 10.1186/s13578-020-00509-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — The fibrotic liver undergoes a loss of retinol from HSCs and an accumulation of triglyceride in hepatocytes. a Detection of retinol, TIF1γ, and αSMA in primary hepatic stellate cells from Lrat:Cas9-ERT2: sgTif1γ mice treated with or without 10 nM TMX in DMSO for 3 days. The control group was treated with DMSO only. TIF1γ is shown in green, αSMA is shown in red, and retinol is shown in blue. TIF1γ or αSMA-positive area % per 0.01 mm² were quantified in five images each group using Image J program. Reproducible result from two independent experiments was shown. ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, ns; non-significant. Scale bar: 10 μm. b Detection of retinol (blue) and albumin (red) in the liver tissue of normal and Lrat:Cas9-ERT2: sgTif1γ mice treated with TMX in DMSO. The nucleus was stained with SYTOX green. DMSO only in TG, n = 4; TMX in TG, n = 4, complied from two experiments. Retinol or albumin-positive area % per 0.015 mm² were quantified using Image J program. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Scale bar: 5 μm. c Oil red-O staining of triglyceride distribution in the liver of Lrat:Cas9-ERT2: sgTif1γ mice. The nuclei were stained with hematoxylin. DMSO only in TG, n = 4; TMX in TG, n = 4, complied from two experiments. Oil-red-O-positive area % per 0.04 mm² were quantified using Image J program. ****P < 0.0001. Scale bar: 2 μm. d Detection of retinol, TIF1γ, and αSMA in primary hepatic stellate cells from normal mice treated with or without siTif1γ. TIF1γ is shown in green, αSMA is shown in red, and retinol is shown in blue. TIF1γ or αSMA-positive area % per 0.01 mm² were quantified using Image J program. Reproducible result from two independent experiments was shown. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, Scale bar: 10 μm. e Detection of retinol (blue) and albumin (red) in the liver tissue of normal and treated with TAA (n = 4 each group, two experiments). The nucleus was stained with SYTOX green. Retinol or albumin-positive area % per 0.015 mm² were quantified using Image J program. **P < 0.01, Scale bar: 5 μm. f Oil red-O staining of triglyceride distribution in the normal and TAA-induced mouse liver (n = 4 each group, two experiments). Scale bar: 2 μm

Fig. 1 — The fibrotic liver undergoes a loss of retinol from HSCs and an accumulation of triglyceride in hepatocytes. a Detection of retinol, TIF1γ, and αSMA in primary hepatic stellate cells from Lrat:Cas9-ERT2: sgTif1γ mice treated with or without 10 nM TMX in DMSO for 3 days. The control group was treated with DMSO only. TIF1γ is shown in green, αSMA is shown in red, and retinol is shown in blue. TIF1γ or αSMA-positive area % per 0.01 mm² were quantified in five images each group using Image J program. Reproducible result from two independent experiments was shown. ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, ns; non-significant. Scale bar: 10 μm. b Detection of retinol (blue) and albumin (red) in the liver tissue of normal and Lrat:Cas9-ERT2: sgTif1γ mice treated with TMX in DMSO. The nucleus was stained with SYTOX green. DMSO only in TG, n = 4; TMX in TG, n = 4, complied from two experiments. Retinol or albumin-positive area % per 0.015 mm² were quantified using Image J program. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Scale bar: 5 μm. c Oil red-O staining of triglyceride distribution in the liver of Lrat:Cas9-ERT2: sgTif1γ mice. The nuclei were stained with hematoxylin. DMSO only in TG, n = 4; TMX in TG, n = 4, complied from two experiments. Oil-red-O-positive area % per 0.04 mm² were quantified using Image J program. ****P < 0.0001. Scale bar: 2 μm. d Detection of retinol, TIF1γ, and αSMA in primary hepatic stellate cells from normal mice treated with or without siTif1γ. TIF1γ is shown in green, αSMA is shown in red, and retinol is shown in blue. TIF1γ or αSMA-positive area % per 0.01 mm² were quantified using Image J program. Reproducible result from two independent experiments was shown. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, Scale bar: 10 μm. e Detection of retinol (blue) and albumin (red) in the liver tissue of normal and treated with TAA (n = 4 each group, two experiments). The nucleus was stained with SYTOX green. Retinol or albumin-positive area % per 0.015 mm² were quantified using Image J program. **P < 0.01, Scale bar: 5 μm. f Oil red-O staining of triglyceride distribution in the normal and TAA-induced mouse liver (n = 4 each group, two experiments). Scale bar: 2 μm