Table 2.
Study characteristics
| First author (publication year) |
Year | Study location(s) | Population | Disease outbreak | Study type | Method(s) of data collection | Centre(s) (number) |
| Abolfotouh et al44 | 2015 | Saudi Arabia | Various | MERS | Quantitative | Survey | Multicentre (3) |
| Al-Dorzi et al55 | 2015 | Saudi Arabia | Various | MERS | Mixed-methods | Registry data, individual interview(s), open discussions | Monocentre |
| Al Ghobain et al 51 | 2015 | Saudi Arabia | Physicians | MERS | Quantitative | Survey | Multicentre (4) |
| Andertun et al48 | 2014–2015 | Sierra Leone | Various | Ebola | Qualitative | Individual interview(s), focus group(s) | Unknown |
| Bai et al61 | 2003 | Taiwan | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Monocentre |
| Belfroid et al39 | 2016 | The Netherlands | Various | Ebola | Qualitative | Individual interview(s) | Unknown |
| Bell et al40 | 2016 | Liberia | Various | Ebola | Qualitative | Individual interview(s) | Multicentre (unknown) |
| 113 | 2020 | Various | Various | COVID-19 | Quantitative | Survey | Worldwide |
| Bournes et al78 | 2003 | Canada | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Qualitative | Individual interview(s) | Monocentre |
| Brooks et al10 | Various | Various | Various | Various | Systematic review | NA | NA |
| 114 | 2014 | Saudi Arabia | Nurses | MERS | Quantitative | Survey | Monocentre |
| Carvalho et al41 | 2014–2015 | Spain | Various | Ebola | Quantitative | Survey | Monocentre |
| Chan et al62 | 2003 | Singapore | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Monocentre |
| Chan et al56 | 2003 | China | Nurses | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Multicentre (8) |
| Chen et al42 | 2003 | Taiwan | Nurses | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Monocentre |
| Chen et al77 | 2003 | Taiwan | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey, antibody test | Monocentre |
| Chen et al75 | 2003 | Taiwan | Nurses | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Monocentre |
| Chua et al62 | 2003 | China | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Multicentre (2) |
| Dai et al74 | 2020 | China | Various | COVID-19 | Quantitative | Survey | Nationwide |
| 113 | 2004 | Canada | Nurses | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Unknown |
| Gearing et al83 | 2003 | Canada | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Qualitative | Focus group(s) | Monocentre |
| 115 | 1995, 2000–2001, 2002–2003 | Congo-Kinshasa, Congo-Brazzaville, Uganda | Nurses | Ebola | Qualitative | Individual interview(s), focus group(s) | Unknown |
| Huang et al86 | 2020 | China | Nurses | COVID-19 | Quantitative | Survey | Nationwide |
| Grace et al82 | 2003 | Canada | Physicians | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Mixed-methods | Survey, open-ended survey questions | Multicentre (3) |
| 116 | 2003 | Japan | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Multicentre (7) |
| Jeong-Sil et al87 | 2015 | South Korea | Nurses | MERS | Quantitative | Survey | Multicentre (6) |
| Kang et al57 | 2015 | South Korea | Nurses | MERS | Qualitative | Individual interview(s), focus group(s) | Multicentre (9) |
| Khalid et al 69 | 2014 | Saudi Arabia | Various | MERS | Quantitative | Survey | Monocentre |
| Khee et al90 | 2003 | Singapore | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Qualitative | Observations | Monocentre |
| Kim et al63 | 2015 | South Korea | Nurses | MERS | Quantitative | Survey | Multicentre (15) |
| Kim et al84 | 2016–2017 | South Korea | Nurses | MERS | Qualitative | Individual interview(s) | Multicentre (4) |
| Koh et al6 | 2003 | Singapore | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Multicentre (9) |
| 117 | Various | Various | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Systematic review | NA | NA |
| Lai et al14 | 2019 | China | Various | COVID-19 | Quantitative | Survey | Multicentre (34) |
| Lee et al64 | 2003 | Taiwan | Nurses | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Qualitative | Individual interview(s) | Monocentre |
| Lehmann et al54 | Unknown | Germany | Various | Ebola | Quantitative | Survey | Multicentre(2) |
| Li et al45 | 2015–2016 | Liberia | Various | Ebola | Qualitative | Individual interview(s) | Monocentre |
| Li et al12 | 2020 | China | Nurses | COVID-19 | Quantitative | Survey | Nationwide |
| Lin et al70 | 2003 | Taiwan | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Monocentre |
| Liu et al71 | Unknown | China | Nurses | Ebola | Qualitative | Individual interview(s) | Monocentre |
| 118 | 2006 | China | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Monocentre |
| Liu et al12 | 2020 | China | Various | COVID-19 | Quantitative | Survey | Nationwide |
| Lu et al65 | 2003–2004 | Taiwan | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Mixed-methods | Survey, open-ended survey questions | Monocentre |
| Marjanovic et al66 | 2004 | Canada | Nurses | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Nationwide |
| Marrs et al49 | Unknown | USA | Various | Ebola | Quantitative | Survey | Monocentre |
| Maunder et al79 | Unknown | Canada | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Focused Review | NA | NA |
| Maunder et al79 | 2003 | Canada | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Multicentre (3) |
| Maunder et al46 | 2004–2005 | Canada | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Multicentre (13) |
| Maunder et al7 | 2003 | Canada | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Qualitative | Individual interview(s), observations | Monocentre |
| O'Boyle et al80 | 2003 | USA | Nurses | Public health emergencies | Qualitative | Focus group(s) | Multicentre (3) |
| O'Sullivan et al52 | Unknown | Canada | Nurses | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Qualitative | Focus group(s) | Nationwide |
| Poon et al67 | 2003 | China | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Monocentre |
| Qi et al76 | 2020 | China | Various | COVID-19 | Quantitative | Survey | Nationwide |
| 119 | 2003 | Canada | Physicians | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Qualitative | Individual interview(s) | Multicentre (4) |
| Raven et al58 | 2015 | Sierra Leone | Various | Ebola | Qualitative | Individual interview(s) | Nationwide |
| 120 | 2003 | Taiwan | Nurses | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Qualitative | Focus groups, open-ended survey questions | Multicentre (unknown) |
| Shih et al91 | 2003 | Taiwan | Nurses | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Qualitative | Individual interview(s) | Multicentre (4) |
| Sin et al81 | 2003 | Singapore | Paramedics | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Monocentre |
| Smith et al85 | 2016 | USA | Various | Ebola | Qualitative | Individual interview(s) | Monocentre |
| Son et al9 | 2015 | South Korea | Various | MERS | Qualitative | Written notes | Monocentre |
| Son et al68 | 2015 | South Korea | Various | MERS | Quantitative | Survey | Monocentre |
| Speroni et al34* | 2014 | USA | Nurses | Ebola | Quantitative | Survey | Nationwide |
| Speroni et al35* | 2014 | USA | Nurses | Ebola | Qualitative | Open-ended survey questions | Nationwide |
| Styra et al59 | 2003 | Canada | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Monocentre |
| Su et al73 | 2003 | Taiwan | Nurses | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Monocentre |
| Tam et al72 | 2003 | China | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Multicentre (3) |
| Tolomiczenko et al60 | 2003 | Canada | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Monocentre |
| von Strauss et al43 | 2014–2015 | Sierra Leone | Nurses | Ebola | Quantitative | Survey, open-ended survey questions | Monocentre |
| Wong et al47 | 2003 | China | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Multicentre (14) |
| Wu et al36† | 2006 | China | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Monocentre |
| Wu et al5† | 2006 | China | Various | SARS (non-COVID-19) | Quantitative | Survey | Monocentre |
| Xiao et al11 | 2020 | China | Various | COVID-19 | Quantitative | Survey | Multicentre (unknown) |
| Zhu et al13 | 2020 | China | Various | COVID-19 | Quantitative | Survey | Monocentre |
*Articles reporting the same study.
†Articles reporting the same study.
MERS, middle east respiratory syndrome; NA, not applicable.