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. 2021 Jan 6;11(1):e044497. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044497

Table 2.

Prespecified COVID-19 symptoms, complications and risk factors

COVID-19-related symptoms COVID-19-related complications Known risk factors for disease progression
Fever Viral pneumonia Age
Cough Bacterial pneumonia Number of symptoms
Sore throat ARDS Number of comorbidities
Runny nose Cardiac complications History of malignancy
Myalgia Bacteraemia C-reactive protein (CRP)
Arthralgia DIC Neutrophilia
Fatigue Liver dysfunction Lymphopenia
Chest pain Stroke/CVA Neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio
Shortness of breath Seizure Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Headache Acute kidney injury Direct bilirubin
GIT symptoms (eg, diarrhoea) Hyperglycaemia D-dimer
Loss of smell Pulmonary embolism CT scan abnormalities
Loss of taste Deep venous thrombosis CXR abnormalities

ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; CXR, chest X-ray; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; GIT, gastrointestinal tract.