Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Patient | Age, years |
Sex | weight (kg) | Age of onset (y) | Epilepsy diagnosis (localization) | AEDs | Seizure frequency | Seizure Types | Etiology |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 17 | M | 53.6 | 6 | FE (L-F) | LTG, VPA, and ZNS | Yearly | Versive seizure | – |
| 2 | 10 | M | 35.5 | 5 | FE (R-O) | CLB, VPA, SLM, and PER | Daily | CPS, SPS | Ulegyria |
| 3 | 22 | M | 68.3 | 19 | FE (R-T) | LEV | Monthly | CPS | Tumor (low grade glioma) |
| 4 | 6 | M | 34.9 | 4 | FE (R-F) | – | Monthly | Versive seizure | Autoimmune encephalitis |
| 5 | 14 | F | 53.7 | 9 | FE (R-T) | LEV and CBZ | Daily | CPS | Hippocampal sclerosis |
| 6 | 4 | M | 15.1 | 0.5 | WS | VPA, ZNS, ESM, and LTG | Daily | Tonic seizure, epileptic spasms | TSC |
| 7 | 3 | F | 18.8 | 0.3 | WS | VGB, VPA, LEV, and GBP | Daily | Tonic seizure, epileptic spasms | TSC |
| 8 | 3 | M | 14.7 | 0.6 | FE (L-F) | PB and LTG | Daily | hypermotor seizure | TSC2 mutation |
| 9 | 13 | F | 29.0 | 0.2 | FE (R-F) | LTG, VPA, AZA, LCM | Weekly | sGTC | 1p36 deletion |
| 10 | 9 | M | 24.7 | 5 | WS | VPA and LTG | Daily | Tonic seizure, epileptic spasms | TSC |
| 11 | 11 | M | 38.1 | 6 | FE (L-O) | CBZ, PB, and PER | Daily/weekly | Visual SPS/sGTC | Cerebral infarction |
| 12 | 16 | F | 47.5 | 3 | FE (R-F) | LEV, LTG, CLB, and PER | Monthly | SPS | Cavernous hemangioma |
| 13 | 25 | M | 48.0 | 0.5 | FE (R-F) | TPM, CLB, LEV, and PER | Yearly | sGTC | Sturge-Weber syndrome |
| 14 | 8 | M | 23.0 | 4 | FE (L-F) | ZNS and CBZ | Daily | Automatism | – |
| 15 | 5 | M | 18.6 | 3 | FE (L-T) | PB and CZP | Daily | Epileptic spasms, CPS | Herpes encephalitis |
| 16 | 11 | M | 35.9 | 7 | FE (LR-F) | LTG and CBZ | Weekly | Versive seizure | – |
| 17 | 16 | F | 43.9 | 4 | FE (R-F) | VPA | Daily | Hypermotor seizure | TSC |
| 18 | 11 | M | 33.7 | 1.6 | FE (R-F) | CBZ and VPA | – | Versive seizure | TSC |
| 19 | 10 | M | 58.5 | 5 | LK | CZP, ESM, LCM, DZP, and VPA | Yearly | CPS | – |
| 20 | 7 | F | 20.1 | 1.5 | FE (LR-F) | VPA, PHT, and ZNS | Daily | Hypermotor seizure | – |
| 21 | 22 | F | 42.0 | 2.3 | FE (R-F) | PHT, VPA, LTG, and PER | Monthly | SPS | TSC |
| 22 | 13 | M | 29.1 | 3.4 | FE (L-P) | LTG, ZNS, and VPA | Daily | Hypermotor, tonic | FCD |
| 23 | 19 | M | 61.5 | 13 | FE (L-T) | CBZ and PER | Yearly | Visual aura~sGTC | – |
| 24 | 11 | M | 45.6 | 1.3 | FE (L-F) | LEV, SLM, and NZP | Weekly | brief tonic (CPS) | – |
| 25 | 6 | F | 19.6 | 2.4 | FE (R-F) | VPA and PER | – | subclinical seizure only | TSC |
| 26 | 1 | F | 8.6 | 0.8 | WS | VGB | Daily | epileptic spasms | HME+FCD |
| 27 | 13 | F | 53.8 | 5.4 | FE (L-F) | TPM, LEV, PER, and LTG | Weekly | SPS | – |
AEDs antiepileptic drugs, F Female, M male, FE focal epilepsies, L- left, R- right, F frontal, T temporal, O occipital, P parietal, WS West syndrome, LK Landau-Kleffner syndrome, LTG lamotrigine, VPA valproic acid, ZNS zonisamide, CLB clobazam, SLM sultiam, PER perampanel, LEV levetiracetam, CBZ carbamazepine, ESM ethosuximide, VGB vigabatrin, GBP gabapentin, PB phenobarbital, AZA acetazolamide, LCM lacosamide, TPM topiramate, DZP diazepam, PHT phenytoin, CPS complex partial seizures, SPS simple partial seizures, sGTC secondarily generalized tonic–clonic convulsion, TSC tuberous sclerosis complex, FCD focal cortical dysplasias, HME hemimegalencephaly