Table 3.
Change in the dimensions of the EQ-5D over time in multivariable logistic mixed models for different injury classifications
| Adjusted ORs (95% CI)* | |||||
| 1 month vs 1 week | 3 months vs 1 month | 6 months vs 3 months | 12 months vs 6 months | 24 months vs 12 months | |
| Mobility | |||||
| Lower extremity† | 0.78 (0.48 to 1.27) | 0.24 (0.16 to 0.35)‡ | 0.17 (0.12 to 0.23)‡ | 0.54 (0.41 to 0.70) | 0.79 (0.60 to 1.03) |
| Spine§ | 0.12 (0.05 to 0.30)‡ | 0.18 (0.08 to 0.37)‡ | 0.37 (0.17 to 0.81)‡ | 1.01 (0.47 to 2.22) | 0.70 (0.31 to 1.60) |
| Self-care | |||||
| Lower extremity† | 0.33 (0.24 to 0.44)‡ | 0.66 (0.52 to 0.84)‡ | 0.75 (0.58 to 0.95)‡ | 0.66 (0.49 to 0.88)‡ | 1.05 (0.77 to 1.43) |
| Upper extremity¶ | 0.19 (0.11 to 0.32)‡ | 0.09 (0.06 to 0.15)‡ | 0.25 (0.16 to 0.40)‡ | 0.51 (0.30 to 0.87)‡ | 0.72 (0.40 to 1.31) |
| Spine§ | 0.25 (0.11 to 0.57)‡ | 0.05 (0.02 to 0.11)‡ | 0.15 (0.06 to 0.34)‡ | 0.55 (0.21 to 1.43) | 1.43 (0.52 to 3.93) |
| Usual activities | |||||
| Upper extremity¶ | 0.40 (0.22 to 0.73)‡ | 0.20 (0.13 to 0.32)‡ | 0.25 (0.17 to 0.38)‡ | 0.61 (0.40 to 0.90)‡ | 0.76 (0.50 to 1.15) |
| Spine§ | 0.48 (0.17 to 1.30) | 0.11 (0.05 to 0.25)‡ | 0.24 (0.12 to 0.49)‡ | 0.30 (0.15 to 0.60)‡ | 1.71 (0.58 to 2.38) |
| Pain/discomfort | |||||
| Lower extremity† | 0.42 (0.30 to 0.59)‡ | 0.53 (0.41 to 0.69)‡ | 0.49 (0.39 to 0.63)‡ | 0.66 (0.52 to 0.84)‡ | 0.75 (0.59 to 0.96)‡ |
| Upper extremity¶ | 0.49 (0.27 to 0.87)‡ | 0.27 (0.17 to 0.43)‡ | 0.48 (0.32 to 0.73)‡ | 0.52 (0.35 to 0.78)‡ | 0.78 (0.52 to 1.18) |
| Spine§ | 0.35 (0.12 to 0.98)‡ | 0.29 (0.13 to 0.64)‡ | 0.62 (0.30 to 1.27) | 0.19 (0.09 to 0.39)‡ | 1.27 (0.64 to 2.50) |
| Anxiety/depression | |||||
| Spine§ | 0.69 (0.33 to 1.43) | 0.92 (0.49 to 1.74) | 0.64 (0.32 to 1.27) | 0.81 (0.40 to 1.64) | 0.87 (0.41 to 1.85) |
| Cognition | |||||
| Traumatic brain injury** | 0.72 (0.50 to 1.02) | 0.85 (0.60 to 1.18) | 0.69 (0.48 to 0.99)‡ | 0.91 (0.63 to 1.32) | 1.15 (0.79 to 1.68) |
Time was included as categorical variable in all analyses.
*ORs in longitudinal analyses adjusted for sex, age, American Society of Anaesthesiologists classification, Injury Severity Score, length of stay at hospital, Functional Capacity Index, injury classifications, admission to intensive care unit, pre-injury work status, educational level, frailty and pre-injury status.
†Patients with pelvic injury, hip fracture or tibia, complex foot or femur fracture.
‡P value of ≤0.05.
§Patients with spinal cord injury or stable vertebral fracture or disc injury.
¶Patients with shoulder and upper arm injury or radius, ulna or hand fracture.
**Patients with traumatic brain injury, independent of injury severity.
EQ-5D, EuroQol-5-dimensions-3-levels.