Table 5.
Characteristics of phlebitis
| Variables | Total n = 535 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Clinical sign of insertion site | ||
| Pain/total PIVCs | 147/382 (38.5%) | |
| Erythema (n, %) | 512/535 (95.7%) | |
| Edema (n, %) | 157/514 (30.6%) | |
| Streak formation (n, %) | 95/516 (18.4%) | |
| Palpable venous cord (n, %) | 24/510 (4.7%) | |
| Palpable venous cord > 1 in. (n, %) | 17/507 (3.4%) | |
| No. of times phlebitis observed before removal (n, %) | ||
| 1 | 388/535 (71.9%) | |
| 2 | 63/535 (11.7%) | |
| 3 | 28/535 (5.2%) | |
| 4 | 20/535 (3.7%) | |
| 5 | 29/535 (5.4%) | |
| > 5 | 12//535 (2.2%) | |
| Maximal grade of phlebitis | ||
| 1 | (n, %) | 387/535 (72.3%) |
| Removed in ICU | 372/387 (96.1%) | |
| Time to removala, median (IQR), hours | 36.9 (18.3–61.1) | |
| 2 | (n, %) | 130/535 (24.3%) |
| Removed in ICU | 127/130 (97.7%) | |
| Time to removala, median (IQR), hours | 31.5 (16.5–54.1) | |
| 3 | (n, %) | 10/535 (1.9%) |
| Removed in ICU | 10/10 (100%) | |
| Time to removala, median (IQR), hours | 21.9 (17.1–60.1) | |
| 4 | (n, %) | 8/535 (1.5%) |
| Removed in ICU | 8/8 (100%) | |
| Time to removala, median (IQR), hours | 38.7 (35.6–47.9) | |
CI confidence interval, CRBSI catheter-related blood stream infection, ICU intensive care unit. IQR interquartile range. PIVC peripheral intravenous catheter
aTime to removal means the duration between insertion and removal of the catheter