Table 1.
Study Measures
| Domain | Measure | Details | Scoring |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anxiety | Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, 2nd Edition (MASC-2) [28–30] | Assessment of anxiety symptoms in youth ages 8–19 years | T-scores ≥60 indicate increased likelihood of at least one anxiety disorder in the subject. |
| Cognitive Function | The PedsQL Cognitive Functioning Scale [31–33] | Subscale of the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale. Assesses cognitive functioning. | The questions are answered on a Likert scale (0–100), with higher scores indicating better health related quality of life (fewer cognitive problems). |
| Depression | Children’s Depression Inventory, 2nd Edition (CDI-2) [34] | Assessment of depressive symptoms in children ages 7–17 years | T-scores ≥65 identify potentially clinically depressed individuals. |
| Executive Function | Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, 2nd Edition (BRIEF-2) [35] | Assessment of children’s executive function. Captures children’s views of their own executive functions, or self-regulation, in their everyday environment. | T scores from 60 to 64 are considered mildly elevated, and T scores from 65 to 69 are considered potentially clinically elevated. |
| Fatigue | The PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale [33] | The scale assesses multidimensional fatigue through 3 dimensions: general, sleep/rest, and cognitive fatigue. | The 5-point Likert-type scale is transformed to a 0 to 100 scale. A higher score indicates less symptoms of fatigue. |
| HRQoL | The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric Global Health (PGH-7) Measure [36, 37] | Summary assessment of a child’s health representing an individual’s overall assessment of their health, focusing on physical, mental and social health components. | Raw scores are converted to T-score values with a mean score of 50 (standard deviation of 10). |
| Resilience | 14-Item Resilience Scale (RS-14) [38–41] | Assess personal resilience, focusing on domains of purpose, perseverance, self-reliance, equanimity and authenticity. | Scores range from 14 to 98 with a higher score indicating greater resilience. |
PedsQL Pediatric Quality of Life, HRQoL Health-related quality of life