Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Population	Primary health care workers	Non-primary health care workers (i.e. specialists, consultants researchers)
Intervention	Interventions that aimed to strengthen capacity at the individual level	Interventions aiming to strengthen capacity at organisational or community level Interventions aiming to build research capacity
Context	Low-income and lower-middle income countries as defined by the World Bank at time of study [26]	High-income and upper-middle income countries at time of study
Outcomes	Studies must have assessed changes in capacity specifically at the level of the individual	Studies which intervened at the individual level, but which only assessed changes outside of the individual level (i.e. organisational or community)
Study design	Studies must have a comparative element assessing capacity at a minimum of two timepoints (i.e. pre–post) or using an experimental design	Non-comparative or cross-sectional designs
Date range	Published from 2000	Published prior to 2000
Publication type	Research article	Conference abstracts, conference proceedings, grey literature, report
Languages	All, though searching was primarily conducted in English