. 2021 Jan 7;18:6. doi: 10.1186/s12986-020-00535-y

Table 4.

Plasma lipids in ApoE^−/− mice

	LFD	WD	WD + TMAO	WD + TMAO + L-HFE	WD + TMAO + H-HFE	p value	p for dose effect
TC (mg/dL)	673 ± 73^b	1163 ± 156^a	1250 ± 134^a	1177 ± 153^a	1138 ± 133^a	< 0.001	0.117
HDL-C (mg/dL)	74 ± 20^a	46 ± 15^b	46 ± 20^b	41 ± 19^b	43 ± 13^b	0.016	0.745
TG (mg/dL)	131 ± 22^b	216 ± 43^a	226 ± 28^a	255 ± 48^a	224 ± 42^a	< 0.001	0.143
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)	600 ± 67^b	1117 ± 154^a	1204 ± 152^a	1136 ± 161^a	1095 ± 130^a	< 0.001	0.919
Non-HDL-C/HDL-C	8.64 ± 2.27^b	27.06 ± 11.32^a	31.99 ± 15.98^a	31.92 ± 12.74^a	27.30 ± 8.81^a	0.006	0.464
HDL-C/TC	0.11 ± 0.03^a	0.04 ± 0.01^b	0.04 ± 0.02^b	0.04 ± 0.02^b	0.04 ± 0.01^b	< 0.001	0.982

Mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD), a Western diet (WD), or one of the three WDs containing 0.2% TMAO (WD + TMAO), 0.2% TMAO plus 1% hawthorn fruit extract (WD + TMAO + L-HFE), or 0.2% TMAO plus 2% hawthorn fruit extract (WD + TMAO + H-HFE) for 12 weeks. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, n = 8

TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triacylglycerol; Non-HDL-C, non-HDL cholesterol

^a,bMeans in the same row with different letters differ significantly at p < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA. p for dose effect was analyzed using ordinary linear regression across WD + TMAO, WD + TMAO + L-HFE, and WD + TMAO + H-HFE groups