Table 4.
Assessments of AMSTAR 2 scores and GRADE classification
| Outcomes | First author | Year | Types | AMSTAR 2 | GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality | |||||
| All-cause mortality | Mazidi | 2018 | Milk | Moderate | Low |
| CHD mortality | Mazidi | 2018 | Milk | Moderate | Low |
| All cancer mortality | Lu | 2016 | Milk | High | Low |
| Prostate cancer mortality | Lu | 2016 | Milk | High | Very low |
| Prostate cancer mortality | Lu | 2016 | Skim/low-fat milk | High | Very low |
| Cancer | |||||
| CRC | Barrubes | 2019 | Milk | Low | Moderate |
| CRC | Barrubes | 2019 | Low-fat milk | Low | Low |
| Prostate cancer | Aune | 2015 | Milk | Low | Moderate |
| DLBCL | Wang | 2016 | Milk | Critically low | Low |
| Gastric cancr | Wang | 2018 | Milk | Critically low | Moderate |
| Bladder Cancer | Bermejo | 2019 | Milk | Moderate | Moderate |
| Bladder Cancer | Bermejo | 2019 | Whole milk | Moderate | Low |
| Breast cancer | Chen | 2019 | Low-fat milk | Critically low | Very low |
| Breast cancer | Chen | 2019 | Milk | Critically low | Low |
| Breast cancer | Wu | 2016 | Milk | Moderate | Moderate |
| Breast cancer | Wu | 2016 | Skim milk | Moderate | Moderate |
| Endometrial cancer | Li | 2017 | Milk | Moderate | Moderate |
| ESCC | Li | 2016 | Milk | High | Moderate |
| FL | Wang | 2016 | Milk | Critically low | Very low |
| HCC | Yang | 2017 | Milk | Low | Moderate |
| Lung cancer | Yang | 2016 | Milk | Moderate | Moderate |
| Lung cancer | Yang | 2016 | Low-fat milk | Moderate | Low |
| NHL | Sergentanis | 2019 | Milk | Low | Low |
| Ovarian cancer | Liu | 2015 | Low-fat/skim milk | Critically low | Low |
| Ovarian cancer | Liu | 2015 | Milk | Critically low | Moderate |
| Pancreatic cancer | Genkinger | 2014 | Milk | Critically low | Moderate |
| Pancreatic cancer | Genkinger | 2014 | Whole milk | Critically low | Moderate |
| Pancreatic cancer | Genkinger | 2014 | Low-fat milk | Critically low | Moderate |
| SLL/CLL | Wang | 2016 | Milk | Critically low | Very low |
| Cardiovascular outcomes | |||||
| CVD | Guo | 2017 | Milk | High | Low |
| CVD | Soedamah-Muthu | 2011 | Milk | Low | Low |
| CHD | Gholami | 2017 | Milk | Moderate | Moderate |
| Arterial Stiffness | Diez-Fernandez | 2019 | Milk | High | Moderate |
| Hypertension | Soedamah-Muthu | 2012 | Milk | Low | Moderate |
| Stroke | de Goede | 2016 | Milk | Moderate | Moderate |
| Stroke | de Goede | 2016 | High-fat milk | Moderate | Low |
| Stroke | de Goede | 2016 | Low-fat milk | Moderate | Low |
| Stroke | Gholami | 2017 | Milk | Moderate | Moderate |
| Metabolic outcomes | |||||
| Abdominal obesity | Lee | 2018 | Milk | Moderate | Moderate |
| T2DM | Gijsbers | 2016 | Milk | Moderate | Low |
| T2DM | Gijsbers | 2016 | Low-fat milk | Moderate | Low |
| T2DM | Gijsbers | 2016 | High-fat milk | Moderate | Low |
| Hypertriacylglycerolaemia | Lee | 2018 | Milk | Moderate | Low |
| Metabolic Syndrome | Mena | 2019 | Milk | Critically low | Moderate |
| Metabolic Syndrome | Lee | 2018 | Milk | Moderate | Moderate |
| Obesity | Wang | 2016 | Milk | Low | Moderate |
| T2DM | Tian | 2017 | Whole milk | Low | Low |
| Skeletal outcomes | |||||
| Hip fracture | Malmir | 2019 | Milk | Low | Low |
| Osteoporosis | Malmir | 2019 | Milk | Low | Moderate |
| Vertebral fracture | Matia | 2019 | Milk | Low | Very low |
| Neurological outcomes | |||||
| Alzheimer's disease | Wu | 2016 | Milk | Moderate | Very low |
| Cognitive Disorders | Wu | 2016 | Milk | Moderate | Low |
| Cognitive function | Lee | 2018 | Milk | Moderate | Very low |
| Parkinson’s disease | Jiang | 2014 | Milk | Low | Low |
| Dementia | Wu | 2016 | Milk | Moderate | Very low |
| Infant outcomes | |||||
| FDA | Griebler | 2016 | Milk | Low | Low |
| T1DM | Griebler | 2016 | Milk | Low | Low |
| Other outcomes | |||||
| Acne | Aghasi | 2019 | Milk | Low | Moderate |
| Dental erosion | Li | 2012 | Milk | Critically low | Very low |
| Endometriosis | Hoorsan | 2017 | Milk | Low | Very low |
AMSTAR a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews, GRADE Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, CVD cardiovascular disease, CHD coronary heart disease, CRC colorectal cancer, DLBCL diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, ESCC esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, FL follicular lymphoma, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, NHL non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, SLL/CLL small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, FDA Fe-deficiency anaemia, T1DM type 1 diabetes mellitus