Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients stratified by surprise question 5-point Likert scale response
| Definitely not surprised |
Not surprised | Neutral | Surprised | Very surprised | Overall | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 40 | n = 84 | n = 111 | n = 114 | n = 139 | N = 488 | |
| Age, years | 75 (70, 83) | 75 (68, 81) | 74 (67, 80) | 71 (66, 75) | 69 (65, 73) | 72 (66, 78) |
| Women | 23 (58) | 35 (42) | 68 (61) | 48 (42) | 75 (54) | 249 (51) |
| Racea | ||||||
| Black | 5 (13) | 14 (17) | 19 (17) | 19 (17) | 25 (18) | 82 (17) |
| White/Other | 35 (88) | 70 (83) | 92 (83) | 93 (83) | 114 (82) | 404 (83) |
| Marital statusb | ||||||
| Married | 23 (61) | 55 (66) | 59 (54) | 70 (62) | 94 (69) | 301 (63) |
| Divorced/separated | 4 (11) | 3 (4) | 15 (14) | 14 (12) | 17 (13) | 53 (11) |
| Widowed | 10 (26) | 22 (27) | 30 (27) | 21 (19) | 22 (16) | 105 (22) |
| Single | 1 (3) | 3 (4) | 6 (6) | 8 (7) | 3 (2) | 21 (4) |
| Insurance type | ||||||
| Private | 3 (8) | 12 (14) | 11 (10) | 21 (18) | 40 (29) | 87 (18) |
| Medicare | 37 (93) | 71 (85) | 99 (89) | 91 (80) | 99 (71) | 397 (81) |
| Medicaid/medical assistance/uninsured | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 4 (1) |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 6 (5, 8) | 6 (4, 8) | 5 (4, 7) | 4 (4, 6) | 4 (3, 6) | 5 (4, 7) |
| Current prescription medications (excluding topicals and eye drops), n | 9 (7, 13) | 10 (8, 13) | 9 (7, 12) | 9 (7, 11) | 9 (7, 11) | 9 (7, 11) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26 (21, 30) | 28 (26, 32) | 29 (25, 35) | 30 (26, 35) | 29 (25, 35) | 29 (25, 34) |
| Specific comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension | 39 (98) | 84 (100) | 107 (96) | 112 (98) | 138 (99) | 480 (98) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 21 (53) | 53 (63) | 62 (56) | 56 (49) | 76 (55) | 268 (55) |
| Coronary artery disease | 18 (45) | 45 (54) | 55 (50) | 46 (40) | 33 (24) | 197 (40) |
| Heart failure | 22 (55) | 33 (39) | 42 (38) | 31 (27) | 26 (19) | 154 (32) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 14 (35) | 23 (27) | 33 (30) | 31 (27) | 14 (10) | 115 (24) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 9 (23) | 25 (30) | 30 (27) | 23 (20) | 17 (12) | 104 (21) |
| Cancer | 9 (23) | 19 (23) | 13 (12) | 22 (19) | 18 (13) | 81 (17) |
| Chronic lung disease | 14 (35) | 23 (27) | 25 (23) | 19 (17) | 25 (18) | 106 (22) |
| Chronic liver disease | 10 (25) | 9 (11) | 13 (12) | 8 (7) | 13 (9) | 53 (11) |
| Laboratory values | ||||||
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2,c | 16 (13, 23) | 21 (15, 25) | 20 (16, 26) | 22 (17, 25) | 23 (17, 28) | 22 (16, 26) |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 2.9 (2.2, 4.0) | 2.6 (2.1, 3.3) | 2.5 (2.1, 3.1) | 2.6 (2.2, 3.2) | 2.4 (2.1, 3.1) | 2.5 (2.1, 3.2) |
| Serum albumin, g/dLd | 3.7 (3.5, 4.0) | 3.8 (3.6, 4.2) | 4.0 (3.7, 4.1) | 4.1 (3.9, 4.2) | 4.0 (3.8, 4.2) | 4.0 (3.7, 4.2) |
| Hemoglobin, g/dLe | 11.0 (9.9, 12.1) | 11.2 (9.8, 12.6) | 11.2 (10.1, 12.1) | 12.0 (10.9, 13.1) | 12.0 (11.0, 12.6) | 11.5 (10.4, 12.7) |
| Any hospitalization in 1 year prior to study entry | 18 (45) | 55 (66) | 44 (40) | 30 (26) | 21 (15) | 168 (34) |
| Time spent hospitalized in 1 year prior to study entry, days | 0 (0, 9) | 4 (0, 9) | 0 (0, 7) | 0 (0, 2) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 5) |
Continuous variables expressed as median (interquartile range); categorical variables expressed as n (%). Percentages in columns may not add up to 100 due to rounding. eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
n = 112 in the “surprised” response group. Among the nonblack patients, 396 reported their race as white and 8 reported their race as other.
n = 38 in the “definitely not surprised” response group; n = 83 in the “not surprised” response group; n = 110 in the “neutral” response group; n = 113 in the “surprised” response group; n = 136 in the “very surprised” response group; N = 480 overall.
Calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation.
n = 462.
n = 487.