Table 3.
Associations between stay-at-home order related stressors and depressive symptoms severity among university students in Belgium, April–May 2020 (N = 18,301)
| variable | scale | Base model | Crude model | Adjusted model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate (SE) | Estimate (SE) | Estimate (SE) | ||
| age | yrs. | −0.030** (0.003) | −0.024**(0.003) | |
| female gender | 0–1 | 0.290** (0.016) | 0.284** (0.016) | |
| non-Belgian citizenship | 0–1 | 0.148** (0.027) | 0.009 (0.026) | |
| having a steady relationship | 0–1 | −0.118** (0.015) | −0.119** (0.014) | |
| living with 1 persona | 0–1 | −0.249** (0.044) | −0.219** (0.043) | |
| living with 2 or more peoplea | 0–1 | −0.267** (0.040) | −0.217** (0.039) | |
| Insufficient financial resources (before the stay-at-home order) | 0–1 | 0.179** (0.009) | 0.025* (0.011) | |
| fear of infection | 0–10 | 0.281** (0.013) | 0.266** (0.014) | |
| level of boredom | 0–3 | 0.239** (0.007) | 0.246** (0.007) | |
| academic stress | 0–4 | 0.655** (0.012) | 0.663** (0.012) | |
| insufficient medical supplies | 0–10 | 0.055** (0.002) | 0.049** (0.002) | |
| institutional dissatisfaction | 0–4 | 0.514** (0.014) | 0.512** (0.014) | |
| insufficient fin. Resources | 0–4 | 0.151** (0.006) | 0.144** (0.008) | |
| perceived stigmab | 0–1 | 0.140** (0.020) | 0.118** (0.020) |
Legend: unstandardized parameter estimates of the association between depressive symptoms severity as a latent construct and the control variables (base model), the hypothesized stressors without control variables (crude model) and the hypothesized stressors with control variables (adjusted model). Fear of infection, academic stress and institutional dissatisfaction represent latent constructs. Parameter estimates correspond to the effect on depressive severity on a scale from 0 to 3 (‘none of the time’ to ‘all of the time’) per 1-unit change of the predictor. a reference: living with no other people. b estimates of perceived stigma were based on a subsample of participants reporting symptoms that could potentially evoke stigma. P-value codes: p < 0.05 ‘*’,p < 0.001 ‘**’