Table 2.
Smoking and Cessation Behavior in Relation to Sexual Orientation in Men
| Heterosexual | Bisexual | Gay | Prefer-not-to-say | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All adults (n) | 50 522 | 525 | 1385 | 2734 |
| Current smoking | ||||
| % | 20.0 | 28.2 | 21.6 | 20.5 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 1.58 [1.30 to 1.91] <.001 | 1.10 [0.97 to 1.25] .152 | 1.03 [0.94 to 1.13] .540 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 1.41 [1.11 to 1.79] .005 | 0.98 [0.83 to 1.15] .762 | 0.92 [0.80 to 1.07] .282 |
| E-cigarette use | ||||
| % | 5.9 | 8.8 | 7.1 | 6.0 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 1.52 [1.12 to 2.07] .007 | 1.21 [0.98 to 1.49] .076 | 1.02 [0.87 to 1.20] .812 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 1.29 [0.89 to 1.87] .184 | 0.93 [0.71 to 1.21] .576 | 0.99 [0.78 to 1.25] .921 |
| Current smokers (n) | 10 068 | 148 | 296 | 556 |
| Cigarettes per day | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 11.8 (8.6) | 10.7 (12.1) | 10.5 (8.2) | 11.1 (8.0) |
| B [95% CI] p | Ref | −1.06 [−2.50 to 0.38] .148 | −1.24 [−2.28 to −0.21] .019 | −0.71 [−1.48 to 0.06] .071 |
| Badj [95% CI] p | Ref | −2.41 [−4.06 to −0.75] .004 | −1.26 [−2.46 to −0.06] .040 | −0.60 [−1.70 to 0.50] .281 |
| First smoke within 30 min of waking | ||||
| % | 46.6 | 41.9 | 45.9 | 47.4 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.83 [0.60 to 1.16] .273 | 0.97 [0.77 to 1.23] .826 | 1.03 [0.87 to 1.22] .736 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.75 [0.49 to 1.14] .173 | 0.97 [0.73 to 1.31] .862 | 1.28 [0.98 to 1.67] .070 |
| High motivation to stop | ||||
| % | 14.2 | 12.8 | 14.5 | 12.8 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.90 [0.55 to 1.45] .659 | 1.04 [0.75 to 1.44] .831 | 0.89 [0.69 to 1.15] .359 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.65 [0.33 to 1.28] .212 | 0.98 [0.65 to 1.49] .927 | 0.94 [0.64 to 1.39] .760 |
| E-cigarette use | ||||
| % | 19.1 | 22.3 | 18.8 | 20.0 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 1.23 [0.83; 1.81] .303 | 0.98 [0.73; 1.32] .910 | 1.07 [0.86; 1.32] 0.550 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 1.22 [0.77 to 1.95] .403 | 0.80 [0.54 to 1.18] .258 | 1.13 [0.82 to 1.56] .456 |
| Former smokers (n) | 10 220 | 73 | 201 | 499 |
| E-cigarette use | ||||
| % | 9.0 | 13.7 | 18.4 | 8.6 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 1.59 [0.81 to 3.12] .182 | 2.30 [1.61 to 3.30] <.001 | 0.95 [0.69 to 1.30] .734 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.84 [0.33 to 2.19] .727 | 2.05 [1.29 to 3.25] .002 | 0.92 [0.59 to 1.44] .717 |
| Never-smokers (n) | 30 178 | 304 | 884 | 1672 |
| E-cigarette use | ||||
| % | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 1.93 [0.58 to 6.40] .281 | 1.01 [0.38 to 2.66] .992 | 1.22 [0.64 to 2.36] .544 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 1.87 [0.56 to 6.28] .311 | 0.70 [0.23 to 2.16] .537 | 1.09 [0.47 to 2.54] .849 |
| Past-year smokers (n) | 10 536 | 165 | 312 | 562 |
| Past-year quit attempt | ||||
| % | 32.0 | 38.2 | 37.8 | 32.6 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 1.32 [0.96 to 1.82] .084 | 1.30 [1.03 to 1.64] .026 | 1.03 [0.86 to 1.23] .759 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 1.19 [0.80 to 1.76] .402 | 1.26 [0.94 to 1.70] .124 | 1.30 [0.99 to 1.71] .062 |
| Past-year smokers who made a quit attempt (n) | 3368 | 64 | 119 | 183 |
| Motivated by GP advice | ||||
| % | 15.2 | 28.6 | 18.5 | 19.1 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 2.21 [1.27 to 3.86] .005 | 1.24 [0.77 to 2.00] .372 | 1.32 [0.90 to 1.93] .159 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 5.21 [2.40 to 11.30] <.001 | 2.65 [1.44 to 4.86] .002 | 2.08 [1.16 to 3.73] .013 |
| Motivated by health concerns | ||||
| % | 49.6 | 35.9 | 48.3 | 44.3 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.57 [0.34 to 0.95] .033 | 0.94 [0.65 to 1.36] .752 | 0.81 [0.60 to 1.10] .172 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.51 [0.27 to 0.98] .042 | 0.59 [0.37 to 0.96] .032 | 0.64 [0.41 to 1.00] .050 |
| Motivated by cost | ||||
| % | 19.4 | 18.8 | 26.1 | 15.8 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.93 [0.49 to 1.77] .823 | 1.46 [0.96 to 2.22] .077 | 0.79 [0.53 to 1.18] .250 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.46 [0.18 to 1.22] .119 | 1.39 [0.80 to 2.42] .241 | 0.62 [0.33 to 1.18] .145 |
| Used cessation support | ||||
| % | 56.1 | 54.0 | 54.2 | 52.5 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.92 [0.56 to 1.51] .732 | 0.93 [0.64 to 1.34] .700 | 0.87 [0.65 to 1.18] .371 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.95 [0.50 to 1.81] .884 | 1.10 [0.68 to 1.78] .710 | 0.98 [0.63 to 1.53] .923 |
| Not currently smoking | ||||
| % | 18.3 | 15.9 | 15.3 | 14.8 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.85 [0.43 to 1.67] .638 | 0.82 [0.49 to 1.35] .433 | 0.76 [0.50 to 1.16] .204 |
| ORadj [95% CI] P | 1 (ref) | 0.60 [0.22 to 1.65] .323 | 0.88 [0.46 to 1.69] .695 | 0.80 [0.43 to 1.50] .490 |
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; ORadj, adjusted for age, ethnicity, social grade, marital status, disability, and survey year.