Table 3.
Smoking and Cessation Behavior in Relation to Sexual Orientation in Women
| Heterosexual | Bisexual | Lesbian | Prefer-not-to-say | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All adults (n) | 52 457 | 686 | 1277 | 2910 |
| Cigarette smoking | ||||
| % | 16.9 | 29.8 | 18.3 | 14.5 |
| OR [95% CI] P | 1 (ref) | 2.09 [1.77 to 2.47] <.001 | 1.10 [0.95 to 1.27] .189 | 0.84 [0.76 to 0.93] .001 |
| ORadj [95% CI] P | 1 (ref) | 1.64 [1.33 to 2.03] <.001 | 0.98 [0.83 to 1.17] .837 | 0.85 [0.72 to 0.99] .041 |
| E-cigarette use | ||||
| % | 4.9 | 8.8 | 4.5 | 4.0 |
| OR [95% CI] P | 1 (ref) | 1.85 [1.41 to 2.42] <.001 | 0.91 [0.70 to 1.19] .509 | 0.80 [0.66 to 0.97] .020 |
| ORadj [95% CI] P | 1 (ref) | 1.30 [0.92 to 1.84] .141 | 0.73 [0.53 to 1.01] .057 | 0.80 [0.61 to 1.06] .126 |
| Current smokers (n) | 8817 | 204 | 232 | 419 |
| Cigarettes per day | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 10.6 (7.3) | 8.7 (7.8) | 11.1 (7.6) | 10.6 (8.0) |
| B [95% CI] p | Ref | −2.08 [−3.13 to −1.03] <.001 | 0.40 [−0.57 to 1.38] .418 | −0.01 [−0.74 to 0.72] .984 |
| Badj [95% CI] p | Ref | −0.88 [−2.07 to 0.31] .148 | 0.58 [−0.47 to 1.63] .279 | −0.33 [−1.33 to 0.68] .525 |
| First smoke within 30 min of waking | ||||
| % | 48.1 | 33.8 | 44.8 | 47.6 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.55 [0.41 to 0.74] <.001 | 0.87 [0.67 to 1.13] .300 | 0.98 [0.81 to 1.19] .841 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.66 [0.45 to 0.95] .026 | 0.97 [0.71 to 1.33] .862 | 0.87 [0.65 to 1.18] .376 |
| High motivation to stop | ||||
| % | 16.4 | 15.7 | 18.6 | 13.8 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.96 [0.66 to 1.40] .824 | 1.17 [0.84 to 1.64] .356 | 0.82 [0.62 to 1.09] .170 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.91 [0.56 to 1.46] .688 | 1.24 [0.85 to 1.83] .267 | 0.94 [0.63 to 1.41] .767 |
| E-cigarette use | ||||
| % | 20.2 | 22.5 | 15.9 | 18.1 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 1.13 [0.81 to 1.58] .460 | 0.75 [0.52 to 1.07] .107 | 0.88 [0.68 to 1.13] .301 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.94 [0.60 to 1.45] .767 | 0.66 [0.42 to 1.02] .063 | 0.94 [0.64 to 1.36] .725 |
| Former smokers (n) | 8880 | 88 | 186 | 459 |
| E-cigarette use | ||||
| % | 8.0 | 11.4 | 9.7 | 7.0 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 1.49 [0.77 to 2.89] .233 | 1.23 [0.75 to 2.01] .419 | 0.85 [0.59 to 1.23] .385 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.70 [0.31 to 1.61] .403 | 0.99 [0.56 to 1.73] .966 | 0.84 [0.50 to 1.43] .520 |
| Never-smokers (n) | 34 719 | 393 | 853 | 2018 |
| E-cigarette use | ||||
| % | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 4.30 [1.61 to 11.47] .004 | 1.37 [0.43 to 4.38] .596 | 1.51 [0.72 to 3.16] .274 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 4.03 [1.46 to 11.09] .007 | 0.92 [0.24 to 3.55] .899 | 1.05 [0.35 to 3.17] .933 |
| Past-year smokers (n) | 9243 | 210 | 246 | 422 |
| Past-year quit attempt | ||||
| % | 35.1 | 38.1 | 36.2 | 28.9 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 1.14 [0.86 to 1.51] .360 | 1.04 [0.80 to 1.36] .749 | 0.75 [0.61 to 0.93] .009 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 1.16 [0.82 to 1.64] .396 | 1.09 [0.80 to 1.49] .577 | 0.82 [0.59 to 1.13] .230 |
| Past-year smokers who made a quit attempt (n) | 3242 | 81 | 89 | 122 |
| Motivated by GP advice | ||||
| % | 17.5 | 22.5 | 19.6 | 23.0 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 1.35 [0.79 to 2.30] .273 | 0.93 [0.53 to 1.64] .795 | 1.42 [0.93 to 2.19] .108 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 2.06 [1.09 to 3.89] .026 | 1.17 [0.61 to 2.22] .641 | 1.43 [0.74 to 2.75] .286 |
| Motivated by health concerns | ||||
| % | 45.3 | 45.0 | 48.3 | 45.9 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 1.00 [0.64 to 1.56] .986 | 1.13 [0.74 to 1.73] .563 | 1.01 [0.70 to 1.45] .955 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.95 [0.54 to 1.65] .844 | 0.99 [0.60 to 1.64] .978 | 1.07 [0.62 to 1.87] .808 |
| Motivated by cost | ||||
| % | 20.8 | 22.2 | 25.8 | 17.2 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 1.07 [0.63 to 1.84] .795 | 1.30 [0.80 to 2.12] .285 | 0.80 [0.50 to 1.29] .364 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 1.02 [0.52 to 2.01] .956 | 1.42 [0.81 to 2.50] .226 | 0.78 [0.38 to 1.61] .498 |
| Used cessation support | ||||
| % | 59.4 | 43.8 | 53.9 | 58.2 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.53 [0.34 to 0.83] .006 | 0.79 [0.52 to 1.21] .275 | 0.94 [0.65 to 1.36] .745 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.52 [0.29 to 0.92] .024 | 0.80 [0.49 to 1.33] .398 | 0.89 [0.51 to 1.56] .683 |
| Not currently smoking | ||||
| % | 17.2 | 15.0 | 13.5 | 13.8 |
| OR [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.87 [0.47 to 1.60] .646 | 0.75 [0.40 to 1.38] .355 | 0.75 [0.44 to 1.27] .288 |
| ORadj [95% CI] p | 1 (ref) | 0.74 [0.33 to 1.67] .472 | 0.61 [0.28 to 1.31] .203 | 0.45 [0.17 to 1.15] .096 |
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; ORadj, adjusted for age, ethnicity, social grade, marital status, disability, and survey year.