Effect of IL-17 supplementation on proliferation and macrophage infiltration following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in RAR-related orphan receptor C (Rorc)−/− rats. Rorc−/−or Rorc+/+ rats were subjected to 40 or 50 min bilateral renal I/R respectively or sham surgery. A: Ki67 staining is shown through renal outer medulla 4 days following I/R surgery. Abundant Ki67+ cells were observed in tubules of Rorc+/+ and Rorc−/− kidneys (white arrow). Tubules with necrotic debris were frequently observed in Rorc−/− rats at 4 days following I/R that were surrounded by Ki67+ cells, which could not be clearly localized within tubules (inset, black arrow). Magnification is shown in A. B: quantitative analysis of cell proliferation of Ki67+/CD45− cells based on FACS at 2 or 4 days following sham or I/R. C: quantitative analysis of M1 macrophages defined as CD11/bc+/CD80+/CD86+ based on FACS at 2 or 4 days after sham or I/R. B and C: rats were implanted with minipumps containing either IL-17 or vehicle (V). Note the lines for representing sham Rorc+/+ and Rorc−/− rats overlap in B and C. N = 5–6 rats per group at 2 days and 8–9 per group at 4 days. Data are means ± SE. *P < 0.05 vs. sham-operated control, †P < 0.05 Rorc−/−IL-17 vs. Rorc−/− vehicle, ‡P < 0.05 in Rorc−/− vs. Rorc+/+ rats, by one-way ANOVA and the Student–Newman–Keuls post hoc test.