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. 2021 Jan 7;7:4. doi: 10.1186/s40798-020-00293-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — The 10 nations with the highest number of sanctions, from the IWF Sanction List [21] between 2008 and 2019 and for the 10 most detected substances the percentage of times they were detected. Other* denotes either Methyltestosterone, Clenbuterol, Metenolone, Oxandrolone, Boldenone, Methylhexanamine or Nandrolone. EAAS, markers indicating endogenous AAS usage. AZE Azerbaijan, KAZ Kazakhstan, RUS Russia, BUL Bulgaria, BLR Belarus, ARM Armenia, UKR Ukraine, ROU Romania, THA Thailand, MDA Moldova