Table 1.
Characteristics of septic shock survivors compared between those who died in-hospital and those who were discharged alive*
| Variable | Total (N = 280) | Hospital outcomes | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Died (n = 80) | Survived (n = 200) | |||
| Age (years) | 66 (55, 77) | 69 (59, 79.5) | 65 (55, 76) | 0.419 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 145 (51.8) | 48 (60) | 97 (48.5) | 0.211 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.4 ± 4.6 | 22 ± 4.4 | 22.6 ± 4.7 | 0.374 |
| Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II score on admission | 21 (16, 26) | 21 (17, 27) | 20 (16, 26) | 0.643 |
| Sequential organ failure assessment score upon admission | 5 (3, 10) | 5 (3, 10) | 5 (3, 9) | 0.764 |
| Status before admission, n (%) | ||||
| Independent | 181 (64.6) | 44 (55) | 137 (68.5) | 0.777 |
| Partially dependent | 77 (27.5) | 29 (36.3) | 48 (24) | 0.127 |
| Totally dependent | 22 (7.9) | 7 (8.8) | 15 (7.5) | 0.806 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 153 (54.6) | 51 (63.8) | 102 (51) | 0.063 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 97 (34.6) | 29 (36.3) | 68 (34) | 0.443 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 80 (28.6) | 37 (46.3) | 43 (21.5) | 0.154 |
| Active malignancy | 76 (27.1) | 24 (30) | 52 (26) | 0.421 |
| Immunosuppressed | 61 (21.8) | 20 (25) | 41 (20.5) | 0.685 |
| Coronary artery disease | 57 (20.4) | 24 (30) | 33 (16.5) | 0.130 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 42 (15) | 15 (18.8) | 27 (13.5) | 0.825 |
| Chronic liver disease | 40 (14.3) | 12 (15) | 28 (14) | 0.120 |
| Chronic lung disease | 20 (7.1) | 10 (12.5) | 10 (5) | 0.802 |
| Sites of infection, n (%) | ||||
| Urinary tract infection | 77 (27.5) | 11 (13.8) | 66 (33) | 0.140 |
| Intra-abdominal infection: cholecystitis, diverticulitis, and liver abscess | 73 (26.1) | 21 (26.3) | 52 (26) | 0.474 |
| Pneumonia | 72 (25.7) | 29 (36.3) | 43 (21.5) | 0.842 |
| Soft tissue infection: cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and pyomyositis | 23 (8.2) | 9 (11.3) | 14 (7) | 0.684 |
| Septicemia | 12 (4.3) | 4 (5) | 8 (4) | 0.596 |
| Febrile neutropenia | 7 (2.5) | 4 (5) | 3 (1.5) | 0.052 |
| Catheter-related bloodstream infection | 3 (1.1) | 1 (1.3) | 2 (1) | 0.876 |
| Infected peritoneal dialysis | 1 (0.4) | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 0.370 |
| Other source of infection | 12 (4.3) | 4 (5) | 8 (4) | 0.723 |
| Initial physiologic and clinical data | ||||
| Mean arterial blood pressure (mmHg) | 55.6 ± 7 | 54.3 ± 4 | 56.7 ± 8.4 | 0.082 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 3 (2, 6.2) | 4 (2.4, 6.2) | 3.8 (2, 4.8) | 0.134 |
| Time to receive antibiotic (minutes) | 48 (24, 81) | 55 (24, 104.5) | 48 (24, 72) | 0.087 |
| Total fluid volume (mL) during 24 hours after admission | 3,750 (1,012, 5,946.5) | 3,847 (1,590, 6,269.5) | 3,710 (1,007, 5,269.5) | 0.081 |
| Maximum dose of norepinephrine (mcg/kg/minute) (for initial resuscitation) | 0.08 (0.05, 0.14) | 0.11 (0.05, 0.17) | 0.08 (0.04, 0.12) | 0.063 |
* Values are presented as median (interquartile range), number, and percentage, or mean ± SD.