Table 1.
Patient Characteristics According to the Type of Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis
| Characteristics | SA-NVO (n = 40) | NSA-NVO (n = 58) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male), n (%) | 22 (55) | 35 (60.3) | .374 |
| Age, median (IQR) | 59 (49.8–74) | 73 (58.5–79.5) | .006 |
| Vertebral knock pain, n (%) | 38 (95) | 51 (87.9) | .200 |
| Neurological deficit, n (%) | 15 (37.5) | 14 (24.1) | .116 |
| Duration of symptoms (days), median (IQR) | 5 (2.0–12.5) | 6.5 (2–18.5) | .194 |
| Atopic dermatitis, n (%) | 10 (25) | 1 (1.7) | .001 |
| Recent history of trauma, n (%) | 6 (15) | 2 (3.4) | .048 |
| Recent history of puncture, n (%) | 11 (27.5) | 3 (5.2) | .002 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 12 (30) | 16 (27.6) | .173 |
| Malignancy, n (%) | 3 (7.5) | 9 (15.5) | .192 |
| Compression fracture, n (%) | 10 (25) | 14 (24.1) | .329 |
| Spinal stenosis, n (%) | 13 (32.5) | 17 (29.3) | .450 |
| Hemodialysis, n (%) | 2 (5.0) | 4 (6.9) | .527 |
| Immunosuppressant, n (%) | 6 (15.0) | 8 (13.8) | .545 |
| Chemotherapy, n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (3.4) | .348 |
| CV port, n (%) | 7 (17.5) | 3 (5.2) | .051 |
| Healthcare-associated, n (%) | 10 (25) | 14 (24.1) | >.99 |
| Temperature (°C), median (IQR) | 37.5 (4.8–15) | 37.4 (4.9–16) | .761 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), median (IQR) | 122 (100–148) | 128 (110–142) | .567 |
| Pulse rate (/minute), median (IQR) | 86 (62–112) | 80 (58–110) | .622 |
| Respiratory rate (/minute), median (IQR) | 22 (15–26) | 21 (14–28) | .819 |
| SpO2 (%), median (IQR) | 96 (92–99) | 96 (91–99) | >.99 |
| Blood urine nitrogen (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 18 (12–25) | 16 (12–26) | >.99 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 0.68 (0.41–1.1) | 0.76 (0.4–1.5) | .472 |
| White blood cell count (/µL), median (IQR) | 12.6 (4.9–16) | 12.4 (5.1–15.4) | .791 |
| CRP (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 13.2 (4.22–25.7) | 9.7 (4.4–17.6) | .188 |
| ESR (mm/hour), median (IQR) | 70 (43–100) | 61.5 (44.2–89.8) | .409 |
| HbA1c (%), median (IQR) | 5.8 (5.5–6.3) | 5 (2–12.5) | .752 |
| Site of infection | .523 | ||
| Cervical, n (%) | 6 (15.0) | 10 (17.2) | |
| Thoracic, n (%) | 7 (17.5) | 8 (13.8) | |
| Lumbar, n (%) | 19 (47.5) | 24 (41.4) | |
| Sacral, n (%) | 2 (5.0) | 0 (0) | |
| Cervicothoracic, n (%) | 2 (5.0) | 7 (12.1) | |
| Thoracolumbar, n (%) | 4 (10.0) | 7 (12.1) | |
| Lumbosacral, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.7) | |
| Thoracolumbosacral, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.7) | |
| Bone biopsy or pus drainage | 10 (20.8) | 17 (29.3) | .236 |
| Bone or pus culture positive, n (%) | 6 (15.0) | 15 (25.9) | .222 |
| Blood culture positive, n (%) | 38 (95.0) | 48 (82.8) | .115 |
| Abscess (paravertebral, epidural, or psoas muscle), n (%) | 36 (90) | 40 (69.0) | .012 |
| Infective endocarditis, n (%) | 7 (17.5) | 8 (13.8) | .410 |
| Septic arthritis, n (%) | 4 (10.0) | 6 (10.3) | .617 |
| Length of treatment IV, median (IQR) | 42 (72) | 43 (137) | .424 |
| Length of treatment PO, median (IQR) | 59 (249) | 59 (510) | .385 |
| 30-day mortality, n (%) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| 90-day mortality, n (%) | 2 (5.0) | 1 (2.5) | .742 |
| Neurological sequelae | 6 (15.0) | 4 (6.9) | .313 |
| 1-year recurrence, n (%) | 1 (2.5) | 2 (5.0) | .492 |
Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; CV port, central venous port catheter; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; IQR, interquartile range; IV, intravenous; NA, not applicable; NSA-NVO, NVO due to other organisms; NVO, native vertebral osteomyelitis; PO, per os; SA-NVO, NVO due to SA; SA, Staphylococcus aureus; SpO2, oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximeter.