Identification of inflammatory signaling pathways and immune cell subsets. Single-cell RNA sequencing. (A and B) Single-cell RNA sequencing of kidneys from mice with chronic UA crystal nephropathy and granulomatous nephritis (HU+CU) on day 32. A total of 12 clusters of nonimmune and immune cells were identified. Cluster analysis is illustrated as UMAP (A) and as heat map (B). C.D.I.transitional, collecting duct intercalated and transitional cells; C.D.Principal, collecting duct principal cells; D.C.Tubule, distal convoluted tubule; L.Henle, loop of Henle cells; Mesangial, mesangial cells; P.Tubule, proximal tubule; epi.Ureteric, ureteric epithelial cells. (C–I) Single-cell RNA sequencing of kidneys from HU+CU mice identifies immune cell clusters according to Ptprc gene expression demonstrated as UMAP (C). Heat maps of specific genes within the immune cell clusters characteristic for inflammatory signaling pathways (D), M1-like (E) and M2-like macrophages (F), neutrophils (G), and cDCs cDC1 (H) and cDC2 (I).