Table 4. Course of loneliness and anxiety and depression symptoms.
| Anxiety and depression symptoms | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | November 2019 | March 2020 | June | T2 vs. T3 | T2 vs. T4 | T2 vs. T4 | |||||
| 2020 | |||||||||||
| (T2) | (T3) | (T4) | |||||||||
| Loneliness | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) |
| not lonely at T1, not lonely at T4 | 2559 | 62.7 | 178 | 7.0a | 205 | 8.0a | 112 | 4.4a | 1.17 (0.99–1.39) | 0.62 (0.49–0.77)*** | 0.52 (0.43–0.64)*** |
| not lonely at T1, lonely at T4 | 536 | 13.1 | 96 | 17.9b | 104 | 19.4b | 141 | 26.3b | 1.10 (0.86–1.39) | 1.63 (1.24–2.14)*** | 1.49 (1.18–1.87)*** |
| lonely at T1, not lonely T4 | 303 | 7.4 | 65 | 21.5b | 64 | 21.1b | 44 | 14.5c | 0.91 (0.67–1.24) | 0.60 (0.41–0.90)* | 0.66 (0.47–0.92)* |
| lonely at T1, lonely at T4 | 686 | 16.8 | 348 | 50.7c | 332 | 48.4c | 329 | 48.0d | 0.88 (0.75–1.04) | 0.88 (0.72–1.07) | 0.99 (0.84–1.17) |
AOR = Odd Ratios adjusted for age, sex, education, employment status, domestic situation, employment status, ethnicity, lung problems, heart problems, diabetes. Percentages in a column with the same letter in superscript (a, b, c, d) do not differ significantly according to adjusted Odd Ratios. 95% CI = 95% Confidence interval. Due to weighting, numbers may slightly differ between Tables.
* p < 0.05,
** p < 0.01,
*** p < .001. Lonely = social loneliness, emotional loneliness, or social and emotional loneliness.