Table 1. Summary of blast-induced biomarker changes in the auditory system.
| Biomarker | DCN | IC | AC | SG | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | TE | P | TE | P | TE | P | TE | |
| ARC | ↓ | No | ↓ | Yes | ↓ | Yes | ||
| GluR2 | ↑ | Yes | - | No | - | No | ||
| GABAA-Rα1 | ↑ | Yes | - | No | ↑ | Yes | ||
| GAP43 | ↑ | Yes | ↑ | Yes | ↑ | Yes | ||
| VR1 | ↑ | Yes | ||||||
Abbreviations: P, vehicle-treated rats exposed to blast; TE, therapeutic effects among NAC/HPN-07-treated, blast-exposed rats; DCN, dorsal cochlear nucleus; IC, inferior colliculus; AC, auditory cortex; SG, spiral ganglion.
“↑”, significantly more immunopositive cells compared to naive controls; “↓”, significantly fewer immunopositive cells compared to naive controls; “-“, no change compared to naive controls. “Yes” and “No” refer to positive or negative therapeutic effects relative to vehicle-treated controls.