Table 3. Characteristics of 15-49-year-old women participating in the 2016 Maldives Demographic and Health Survey.
| General Characteristics | Total N (%) | Prevalence of Anaemia, N (%) | P-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate/severe | Mild | No Anaemia | |||
| Current Age | 6837 | <0.001 | |||
| 15–24 Years | 1869 (27.3) | 203 (24.5) | 263 (31.8) | 361 (43.7) | |
| 25–34 Years | 2539 (37.1) | 263 (10.4) | 1220 (48.1) | 1056 (41.6) | |
| 35–49 Years | 2429 (35.5) | 361 (14.9) | 1124 (46.3) | 944 (38.9) | |
| Place of Residence | 6837 | <0.001 | |||
| Urban | 806 (11.8) | 148 (18.4) | 442 (54.8) | 216 (26.8) | |
| Rural | 6031 (88.2) | 679 (11.3) | 2731 (45.3) | 2621 (43.5) | |
| Education Level | 6837 | <0.001 | |||
| No Education | 320 (4.7) | 54 (16.9) | 142 (44.4) | 124 (38.8) | |
| Primary | 1888 (27.6) | 250 (13.2) | 871 (46.1) | 767 (40.6) | |
| Secondary | 3598 (52.6) | 375 (10.4) | 1658 (46.1) | 1565 (43.5) | |
| Higher | 1031 (15.1) | 148 (14.4) | 502 (48.7) | 381 (37.0) | |
| Occupation | 6837 | 0.007 | |||
| Agricultural | 22 (0.3) | 3 (13.6) | 8 (36.4) | 11 (50.0) | |
| Professional/Services | 534 (7.8) | 71 (13.3) | 249 (46.6) | 214 (40.1) | |
| Other | 2445 (35.8) | 330 (13.5) | 1164 (47.6) | 951 (38.9) | |
| Don’t Work | 3836 (56.1) | 423 (11.0) | 1752 (45.7) | 1661 (43.3) | |
| Husband’s Education Level | 5021 | 0.067 | |||
| No Education | 913 (18.2) | 65 (13.7) | 223 (47.1) | 185 (39.1) | |
| Primary | 1605 (32.0) | 211 (13.1) | 749 (46.7) | 645 (40.2) | |
| Secondary | 2009 (40.0) | 220 (11.0) | 929 (46.2) | 860 (42.8) | |
| Higher | 494 (9.8) | 77 (15.6) | 232 (47.0) | 185 (37.4) | |
| Husband’s Occupation | 6837 | 0.308 | |||
| Agricultural | 925 (13.5) | 111912.0) | 416 (45.0) | 398 (43.0) | |
| Non-Agricultural | 1417 (20.7) | 171 (12.1) | 672 (47.4) | 574 (40.5) | |
| Professional/Services | 669 (9.8) | 93 (13.9) | 284 (42.5) | 292 (43.6) | |
| Other/Don’t Work | 3826 (56.0) | 452 (11.8) | 1801 (47.1) | 1573 (41.1) | |
| Sources of Drinking Water | 6837 | <0.001 | |||
| Piped Water | 1002 (14.7) | 119 (11.9) | 468 (46.7) | 415 (41.5) | |
| Rain Water | 4632 (67.7) | 532 (11.5) | 2097 (45.3) | 2003 (43.2) | |
| Bottled Water | 1094 (16.0) | 163 (14.9) | 554 (50.6) | 377 (34.5) | |
| Other | 109 (1.6) | 13 (11.95) | 54 (49.5) | 42 (38.5) | |
| Toilet Facilities | 6837 | 0.551 | |||
| Flush Toilet | 6755 (98.8) | 815 (12.1) | 3132 (46.4) | 2808 (41.6) | |
| Pit Latrine | 12 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 4 (33.3) | 6 (50.0) | |
| No Toilet | 70 (1.0) | 10 (14.3) | 37 (52.9) | 23 (32.9) | |
| Household Wealth Status | 6837 | <0.001 | |||
| Poor | 3829 (56.0) | 439 (11.5) | 1746 (45.6) | 1644 (42.9) | |
| Medium | 1863 (27.3) | 206 (11.1) | 864 (46.4) | 793 (42.6) | |
| Rich | 1145 (16.7) | 182 (15.9) | 563 (49.2) | 400 (34.9) | |
| BMI | 6837 | <0.001 | |||
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 644 (9.4) | 97 (15.1) | 333 (51.7) | 214 (33.2) | |
| Normal (18.5–24.99 kg/m2) | 2615 (38.2) | 331 (12.7) | 1254 (48.0) | 1030 (39.4) | |
| Overweight/Obese (≥25.0 kg/m2) | 3578 (52.4) | 399 (11.2) | 1586 (44.3) | 1593 (44.5) | |
| Total Number of Children Ever Birthed | 6837 | <0.001 | |||
| ≥3 Children | 2014 (29.5) | 289 (14.3) | 962 (47.8) | 763 (37.9) | |
| 1–2 Children | 2817 (41.2) | 313 (11.1) | 1325 (47.0) | 1179 (41.9) | |
| No Children | 2006 (29.3) | 225 (11.2) | 886 (44.2) | 895 (44.6) | |
| Age at First Birth | 4831 | 0.002 | |||
| 15–24 Years | 3831 (79.3) | 477 (12.5) | 1841 (48.1) | 1513 (39.5) | |
| 25–49 Years | 1000 (20.7) | 122 (12.7) | 432 (44.8) | 410 (42.5) | |
| Current Contraception Use | 6837 | 0.001 | |||
| Female Sterilization | 251 (3.7) | 46 (18.3) | 131 (52.2) | 74 (29.5) | |
| Using Other Method | 760 (11.1) | 91 (12.0) | 356 (46.8) | 313 (41.2) | |
| Not Using any Method | 5826 (85.2) | 690 (11.8) | 2686 (46.1) | 2450 (42.1) | |
| Birth in the Last 3 Years | 6837 | 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 1503 (22.0) | 140 (9.3) | 717 (47.7) | 646 (43.0) | |
| No | 5334 (78.0) | 687 (12.9) | 2456 (46.0) | 2191 (41.1) | |
| Current Pregnancy Status | 6837 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 255 (3.7) | 54 (21.2) | 91 (35.7) | 110 (43.1) | |
| No | 6582 (96.3) | 773 (11.7) | 3082 (46.8) | 2727 (41.4) | |
| Last Birth by Caesarean Section | 2356 | 0.194 | |||
| Yes | 964 (40.9) | 83 (8.6) | 464 (48.1) | 417 (43.3) | |
| No | 1392 (59.1) | 151 (10.8) | 662 (47.6) | 579 (41.6) | |
| Currently Breastfeeding | 6837 | 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 1110 (16.2) | 99 (8.9) | 514 (46.3) | 497 (44.8) | |
| No | 5727 (83.8) | 728 (12.7) | 2659 (46.4) | 2340 (40.9) | |
| Smoking Cigarettes | 6837 | 0.547 | |||
| Yes | 60 (0.9) | 9 (15.0) | 30 (50.0) | 21 (35.0) | |
| No | 6777 (99.1) | 818 (12.1) | 3143 (46.4) | 2816 (41.6) | |
| Fertility Status | 6837 | <0.001 | |||
| Fecund | 4844 (70.0) | 573 (11.8) | 2280 (47.1) | 1991 (41.1) | |
| Pregnant | 255 (3.7) | 54 (21.2) | 91 (35.7) | 110 (43.1) | |
| Postpartum Amenorrhoeic | 250 (3.7) | 21 (8.4) | 107 (42.8) | 122 (48.8) | |
| Infecund, Menopausal | 1488 (21.8) | 179 (12.0) | 695 (46.7) | 614 (41.3) | |
| Ever had a Terminated Pregnancy | 6837 | 0.596 | |||
| Yes | 986 (14.4) | 120 (12.2) | 471 (47.8) | 395 (40.1) | |
| No | 5851 (85.6) | 707 (12.1) | 2702 (46.2) | 2442 (41.7) | |
| Menstruated in the Last 6 Weeks | 6837 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 5477 (80.1) | 673 (12.3) | 2607 (47.6) | 2197 (40.1) | |
| No | 1360 (19.9) | 154 (11.3) | 566 (41.6) | 640 (47.1) | |
P-value obtained from Chi-square test.