Table 5. Characteristics of 15-49-year-old women participating in the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey.
| General Characteristics | Total N (%) | Prevalence of Anaemia, N (%) | P-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate/severe | Mild | No Anaemia | |||
| Current Age | 6419 | <0.001 | |||
| 15–24 Years | 2512 (39.1) | 185 (7.4) | 906 (36.1) | 1421 (56.6) | |
| 25–34 Years | 1910 (29.8) | 134 (7.0) | 648 (33.9) | 1128 (59.1) | |
| 35–49 Years | 1997 (31.1) | 132 (6.6) | 603 (30.2) | 1262 (63.2) | |
| Place of Residence | 6419 | 0.741 | |||
| Urban | 4134 (64.4) | 298 (7.2) | 1385 (33.5) | 2451 (59.3) | |
| Rural | 2285 (35.6) | 153 (6.6) | 772 (33.8) | 1360 (59.5) | |
| Religion | 6419 | <0.001 | |||
| Hindu | 5590 (87.1) | 401 (7.2) | 1888 (33.8) | 3301 (59.1) | |
| Buddhist | 306 (4.8) | 16 (5.2 | 79 (25.8) | 211 (69.0) | |
| Islam | 282 (4.4) | 22 (7.8) | 122 (43.3) | 138 (48.9) | |
| Kirat | 76 (1.2) | 4 (5.3) | 17 (22.4) | 55 (72.4) | |
| Christian | 165 (2.6) | 8 (4.8) | 51 (30.9) | 106 (64.2) | |
| Education Level | 6419 | 0.052 | |||
| No Education | 2173 (33.9) | 160 (7.4) | 736 (33.9) | 1277 (58.8) | |
| Primary | 1020 (15.9) | 73 (7.2) | 314 (30.8) | 633 (62.1) | |
| Secondary | 2333 (36.3) | 164 (7.0) | 828 (35.5) | 1341 (57.5) | |
| Higher | 893 (13.9) | 54 (6.0) | 279 (31.2) | 560 (62.7) | |
| Occupation | 6419 | 0.002 | |||
| Agricultural | 3200 (49.9) | 200 (6.3) | 1059 (33.1) | 1941 (60.7) | |
| Professional/Services | 787 (12.3) | 55 (7.0) | 237 (30.1) | 495 (62.9) | |
| Other | 406 (6.3) | 24 (5.9) | 142 (35.0) | 240 (59.1) | |
| Don’t Work | 2026 (31.6) | 172 (8.5) | 719 (35.5) | 1135 (56.0) | |
| Husband’s Education Level | 4936 | 0.009 | |||
| No Education | 761 (15.4) | 64 (8.4) | 286 (37.6) | 411 (54.0) | |
| Primary | 1134 (23.0) | 84 (7.4) | 342 (30.2) | 708 (62.4) | |
| Secondary | 2165 (43.9) | 139 (6.4) | 211 (32.8) | 1315 (60.7) | |
| Higher | 876 (17.7) | 66 (7.5) | 290 (33.1) | 520 (59.4) | |
| Husband’s Occupation | 6419 | 0.003 | |||
| Agricultural | 1089 (17.0) | 71 (6.5) | 368 (33.8) | 650 (59.7) | |
| Business | 1652 (25.7) | 129 (7.8) | 585 (35.4) | 938 (56.8) | |
| Professional/Services | 1600 (24.9) | 110 (6.9) | 473 (29.6) | 1017 (63.6) | |
| Other/Don’t Work | 2078 (32.4) | 141 (6.8) | 731 (35.2) | 1206 (58.0) | |
| Sources of Drinking Water | 6419 | <0.001 | |||
| Tap Water | 2121 (33.0) | 114 (5.4) | 663 (26.5) | 1444 (68.1) | |
| Tube Well | 1190 (18.5) | 59 (5.0) | 342 (28.7) | 789 (66.3) | |
| Other | 3108 (48.4) | 278 (8.9) | 1252 (40.3) | 1578 (50.8) | |
| Toilet Facilities | 6419 | <0.001 | |||
| Flush Toilet | 4777 (74.4) | 322 (6.7) | 1492 (31.2) | 2963 (62.0) | |
| Pit Latrine | 518 (8.1) | 36 (6.9) | 201 (38.8) | 281 (54.2) | |
| Other | 425 (6.6) | 31 (7.3) | 170 (40.0) | 224 (52.7) | |
| No Toilet | 699 (10.9) | 62 (8.9) | 294 (42.1) | 343 (49.1) | |
| Household Wealth Status | 6419 | <0.001 | |||
| Poor | 2666 (41.5) | 159 (6.0) | 819 (30.7) | 1688 (63.3) | |
| Medium | 1320 (20.6) | 104 (7.9) | 523 (39.6) | 693 (52.5) | |
| Rich | 2433 (37.9) | 188 (7.7) | 815 (33.5) | 1430 (58.8) | |
| BMI | 6419 | <0.001 | |||
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 1060 (16.5) | 87 (8.2) | 415 (39.0) | 562 (52.8) | |
| Normal (18.5–24.99 kg/m2) | 4095 (63.8) | 304 (7.3) | 1450 (34.7) | 2426 (58.0) | |
| Overweight/Obese (≥25.0 kg/m2) | 1264 (19.7) | 46 (5.5) | 199 (23.9) | 589 (70.6) | |
| Total Number of Children Ever Birthed | 6419 | 0.200 | |||
| ≥3 Children | 2203 (34.3) | 153 (6.9) | 730 (33.15) | 1320 (59.9) | |
| 1–2 Children | 2385 (37.2) | 156 (6.5) | 785 (32.9) | 1444 (60.5) | |
| No Children | 1831 (28.5) | 142 (7.8) | 642 (35.1) | 1047 (28.5) | |
| Age at First Birth | 4588 | 0.246 | |||
| 15–24 Years | 4266 (93) | 283 (6.8) | 1388 (33.2) | 2511 (60.0) | |
| 25–49 Years | 322 (7.0) | 18 (5.7) | 94 (29.8) | 203 (64.4) | |
| Current Contraception Use | 6419 | <0.001 | |||
| Female Sterilization | 688 (10.7) | 78 (11.3) | 290 (42.2) | 320 (46.5) | |
| Using Other Method | 1901 (29.6) | 95 (5.0) | 533 (28.0) | 1273 (67.0) | |
| Not Using any Method | 3830 (59.7) | 278 (7.3) | 1334 (34.8) | 2218 (57.9) | |
| Birth in the Last 3 Years | 6419 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 1386 (21.6) | 100 (7.2) | 531 (38.3) | 755 (54.5) | |
| No | 5033 (78.4) | 351 (7.0) | 1626 (32.3) | 3056 (60.7) | |
| Current Pregnancy Status | 6419 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 289 (4.5) | 48 (16.6) | 77 (26.6) | 164 (56.7) | |
| No | 6130 (95.5) | 403 (6.6) | 2080 (33.9) | 3647 (59.5) | |
| Last Birth by Caesarean Section | 2020 | 0.620 | |||
| Yes | 181 (9.0) | 16 (8.8) | 65 (35.9) | 100 (55.2) | |
| No | 1839 (91.0) | 127 (6.9) | 665 (36.2) | 1047 (56.9) | |
| Currently Breastfeeding | 6419 | 0.003 | |||
| Yes | 1479 (23.0) | 103 (7.0) | 551 (37.3) | 825 (55.8) | |
| No | 4940 (77.0) | 348 (7.0) | 1606 (32.5) | 2986 (60.0) | |
| Smoking Cigarettes | 6419 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 424 (6.6) | 24 (5.7) | 101 (23.8) | 299 (70.5) | |
| No | 5995 (93.4) | 427 (7.1) | 2056 (34.3) | 3512 (58.6) | |
| Fertility Status | 6419 | <0.001 | |||
| Fecund | 5087 (79.2) | 329 (6.5) | 1751 (34.4) | 3007 (59.1) | |
| Pregnant | 289 (4.5) | 48 (16.6) | 77 (26.0) | 164 (56.7) | |
| Postpartum Amenorrhoeic | 324 (5.0) | 26 (8.0) | 122 (37.7) | 176 (54.3) | |
| Infecund, Menopausal | 719 (11.2) | 48 (6.7) | 207 (28.7) | 464 (64.5) | |
| Ever had a Terminated Pregnancy | 6419 | 0.543 | |||
| Yes | 1333 (20.8) | 95 (7.1) | 431 (32.3) | 807 (60.5) | |
| No | 5086 (79.2) | 356 (7.0) | 1726 (33.9) | 3004 (59.1) | |
| Menstruated in the Last 6 Weeks | 6419 | 0.058 | |||
| Yes | 5117 (79.7) | 344 (6.7) | 1747 (34.1) | 3026 (59.1) | |
| No | 1302 (20.3) | 1079 (8.2) | 410 (31.5) | 785 (60.3) | |
P-value obtained from Chi-square test.