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. 2021 Jan 7;16(1):e0244843. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244843

Table 2. Variable definitions, sources and summary statistics.

Variable Definition Source Mean Std. Dev.
HCI Health Complexity Index. Authors’ calculations -0.006 1.004
HCI+ age-standardized Health Complexity Index. Authors’ calculations -0.008 1.008
GDPpc (log) GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2011 international $) World Development Indicators 8.342 1.521
old (log) Population aged 65 and above (% of total) World Development Indicators 1.764 0.667
female (log) Female population (% of total) World Development Indicators 3.912 0.067
urban (log) Urban population (% of total) World Development Indicators 3.871 0.519
agriculture (log) Agriculture, value added (% of GDP) World Development Indicators 2.054 1.228
manufacturing (log) Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP) World Development Indicators 2.407 0.591
education (log) Enrollment in secondary education, both sexes (total) World Development Indicators 4.229 0.587
population density (log) Population density (people per sq. km of land area) World Development Indicators 4.123 1.398
CO2 (log) CO2 emissions (kg per 2010 $US of GDP) World Bank -0.930 0.704
health expenditure (log) Total health spending, PPP (thousands of 2017 $US) Global Health Spending 1995-2015, IHME 15.071 2.239
economic globalization Actual flows (trade, foreign direct investment, stocks, portfolio investment, income payments to foreign nationals), restrictions (hidden import barriers, mean tariff rate, taxes on international trade, capital account restrictions). Higher values reflect greater economic globalization. KOF Index of Globalization 54.462 16.234
political globalization Embassies in country, membership in international organizations, participation in UN security council missions, international treaties. Higher values reflect greater political globalization. KOF Index of Globalization 62.283 21.985