Table 5. The effect of economic development on health complexity: AHCI.

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
	FE 2SLS/IV	FE 2SLS/IV	FE 2SLS/IV	diff-GMM
AHCIt−1	0.923***	0.925***	0.919***	0.828***
	(0.011)	(0.012)	(0.011)	(0.114)
GDPpc	0.037***	0.033**	0.041***	0.024*
	(0.011)	(0.015)	(0.014)	(0.013)
female	-0.028	-0.021	-0.037	0.030
	(0.027)	(0.034)	(0.031)	(0.040)
urban	0.009	0.010	0.007	0.011
	(0.007)	(0.008)	(0.008)	(0.023)
agriculture	0.002	0.001	0.003	0.008
	(0.003)	(0.004)	(0.004)	(0.010)
manufacturing	0.002	0.002	0.003	-0.013
	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.011)
Fist-stage results
economic globalization	0.004***	0.005***
	(0.000)	(0.000)
political globalization	0.004***		0.005***
	(0.000)		(0.000)
Observations	3,826	3,826	3926	3,652
Countries	168	168	173	168
F-test	67.39	101.5	71.22
DWH-test	6.055	2.200	4.548
Weak-id	116.2	136.4	138.9
LM-weakid	125.8	92.43	67.20
Hansen (p-value)	0.681
AR(1)				0.000
AR(2)				0.158

Note: Dependent variable: Age-standardized Health Complexity Index (AHCI). Main independent variable: GDP per capita in logs (GDPpc). Columns (1)-(3): Fixed-effects 2SLS/IV; AHCI is instrumented: To save space, we only include the first-stage estimated coefficients of the instruments. The results for the rest of the variables are available upon request. Column (4): One-step diff-GMM. All regressions include time dummies. Robust standard errors are in parentheses. F-test gives the F-statistic for the joint significance of the instruments in the first stage. DWH-test is the Durbin-Wu-Hausman test of endogeneity of the regressors. Weak-id gives the Cragg-Donald F-statistic for weak identification. LM-weakid gives the Kleibergen-Paap Wald test of weak identification. Hansen (p-value) gives the p-value of the Hansen test of overidentification. AR(1) and AR(2) are the p-values for first- and second-order autocorrelated disturbances.

* p<0.10,

** p<0.05,

*** p<0.01.