Table 2.
Descriptions of the dependent, independent, mediator, and moderator variables
| n | Mean | SD | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perceived social isolation | 3814 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 0–5 |
| Depressed and anxious mood (PHQ-4a) | 3809 | 4.4 | 3.4 | 0–12 |
| Perceived sleep quality before the spread of SARS-CoV-2b | 3816 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 0–3 |
| Perceived sleep quality in the time since SARS-CoV-2 began spreading | 3816 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0–3 |
| Change in perceived sleep qualityc | 3816 | − 0.4 | 1.0 | − 3 to + 3 |
| Resilience (BRSd) | 3792 | 3.4 | 0.8 | 1–5 |
For PHQ-4 and BRS, existing translations of validated measures were used when available
N number of respondents, SD standard deviation, Range observed range in the sample
aPHQ-4 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire (41)
bSARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
cChange in perceived sleep quality perceived sleep quality since the spread of the virus minus perceived sleep quality before the spread of the virus, dBRS Brief Resilience Scale (26)