Table 9.
Spearman correlation coefficients and p values for each item by the adherence type.
| Item | Rho for overall adherence (p value) (number of participants: 101) |
Rho for appointment adherence (p value) (number of participants: 92) |
Rho for lifestyle advice adherence (p value) (number of participants: 87) |
Rho for remedy adherence (p value) (number of participants: 49) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients feeling cared for “Showing care and compassion” | 0.237 (0.017) | 0.251 (0.016) | 0.164 (0.129) | 0.258 (0.074) |
|
| ||||
| Patients feeling comfortable | 0.108 (0.281) | 0.154 (0.143) | 0.102 (0.347) | 0.199 (0.171) |
| “Making you feel at ease” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Opening patients up about themselves | 0.346 (<0.001)∗ | 0.296 (0.004)∗ | 0.275 (0.010) | 0.462 (0.001)∗ |
| “I am comfortable talking to my therapist about my health problem” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Setting up a relaxing environment | 0.018 (0.857) | −0.060 (0.569) | −0.050 (0.646) | 0.237 (0.101) |
| “The clinic has a relaxing atmosphere” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Providing warmth physically and emotionally | 0.108 (0.281) | 0.154 (0.143) | 0.102 (0.347) | 0.199 (0.171) |
| “Making you feel at ease” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Welcoming | 0.108 (0.281) | 0.154 (0.143) | 0.102 (0.347) | 0.199 (0.171) |
| “Making you feel at ease” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Patients feeling valued as individuals | 0.174 (0.082) | 0.211 (0.043) | 0.164 (0.130) | 0.294 (0.040) |
| “Being interested in you as a whole person” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Assessing and treating holistically | 0.174 (0.082) | 0.211 (0.043) | 0.164 (0.130) | 0.294 (0.040) |
| “Being interested in you as a whole person” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Tailoring treatment | 0.274 (0.006)∗ | 0.268 (0.010) | 0.309 (0.004)∗ | 0.389 (0.006)∗ |
| “My therapist tailors my treatment to be most suitable for me” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Checking treatment | 0.364 (<0.001)∗ | 0.352 (0.001)∗ | 0.285 (0.007)∗ | 0.388 (0.006)∗ |
| “My therapist checks my treatment to make sure it is safe and effective” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Patients feeling understood | 0.191 (0.056) | 0.214 (0.040) | 0.225 (0.037) | 0.203 (0.161) |
| “Fully understanding your concerns” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Communicating well | 0.053 (0.598) | 0.153 (0.146) | 0.070 (0.519) | 0.091 (0.533) |
| (i) Listening | ||||
| “Really listening” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Empathising | 0.251 (0.011) | 0.198 (0.059) | 0.251 (0.019) | 0.279 (0.052) |
| CARE Measure summary score | ||||
|
| ||||
| Empathising | 0.326 (0.001)∗ | 0.230 (0.028) | 0.268 (0.012) | 0.243 (0.092) |
| (i) Taking concerns seriously | ||||
| “My therapist is interested when I talk about my health problem” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Empathising | 0.332 (0.001)∗ | 0.280 (0.007)∗ | 0.400 (<0.001)∗ | 0.161 (0.269) |
| (i) Touching appropriately | ||||
| “My therapist shies away from physical contact” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Patients feeling known | 0.174 (0.082) | 0.211 (0.043) | 0.164 (0.130) | 0.294 (0.040) |
| “Being interested in you as a whole person” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Presenting in a manner suited to the patient | 1038.000 (0.138) (number of participants in each group: 43 versus 58) | 998.000 (0.704) (number of participants in each group: 40 versus 52) | 695.000 (0.038) (number of participants in each group: 37 versus 50) | 313.500 (0.672) (number of participants in each group: 21 versus 28) |
| (i) Funny | ||||
| “My therapist is funny” (Mann–Whitney U (p value)) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Presenting in a manner suited to the patient | 286.500 (0.117) (number of participants in each group: 92 versus 9) | 261.000 (0.232) (number of participants in each group: 84 versus 8) | 161.500 (0.017) (number of participants in each group: 79 versus 8) | 69.000 (0.469) (number of participants in each group: 45 versus 4) |
| (i) Confident | ||||
| “My therapist is confident” (Mann–Whitney U (p value)) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Presenting in a manner suited to the patient | 102.000 (0.113) (number of participants in each group: 97 versus 4) | 101.000 (0.159) (number of participants in each group: 88 versus 4) | 86.500 (0.109 (number of participants in each group: 83 versus 4) | 44.500 (0.900) (number of participants in each group: 47 versus 2) |
| (i) Calm | ||||
| “My therapist is calm” (Mann–Whitney U (p value)) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Presenting in a manner suited to the patient | 0.403 (<0.001)∗ | 0.291 (0.005)∗ | 0.321 (0.002)∗ | 0.372 (0.009)∗ |
| (i) Enthusiastic | ||||
| “Being positive” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Patients feeling supported in the management of their health | 0.357 (<0.001)∗ | 0.352 (0.001)∗ | 0.299 (0.005)∗ | 0.437 (0.002)∗ |
| “My therapist wants to help me with my health problem” | ||||
| Example: making a plan of action (not part of the model) | 0.332 (0.001)∗ | 0.226 (0.031) | 0.283 (0.008)∗ | 0.226 (0.118) |
| “Making a plan of action with you” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Reassuring | 0.232 (0.020) | 0.232 (0.026) | 0.215 (0.045) | 0.285 (0.047) |
| “My therapist reassures me” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Educating | ||||
| (i) Explaining in a way that makes sense to the patient (3 items) | 0.144 (0.149) | 0.050 (0.634) | 0.126 (0.247) | 0.381 (0.007)∗ |
| “Explaining things clearly” | 0.426 (<0.001)∗ | 0.422 (<0.001)∗ | 0.367 (<0.001)∗ | 0.386 (0.006)∗ |
| “When my therapist talks about my health problem, it does not make sense to me” (reverse item) | 0.462 (<0.001)∗ | 0.393 (<0.001)∗ | 0.420 (<0.001)∗ | 0.352 (0.013) |
| “My therapist provides explanations of my treatment that make sense to me” | 0.093 (0.354) | −0.001 (0.990) | 0.168 (0.119) | −0.009 (0.951) |
|
| ||||
| Educating | — | — | — | — |
| (i) Giving a lot of multilevel advice, self-help, or homework | ||||
| “My therapist offers advice beyond the immediate health problem” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Helping as much as possible | 0.357 (<0.001)∗ | 0.352 (0.001)∗ | 0.299 (0.005)∗ | 0.437 (0.002)∗ |
| “My therapist wants to help me with my health problem” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Helping as much as possible | 0.340 (<0.001)∗ | 0.351 (0.001)∗ | 0.337 (0.001)∗ | 0.369 (0.009)∗ |
| (i) Knowing limits | ||||
| “My therapist has, at times, overstepped what I think are his or her limits” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Helping as much as possible | 0.071 (0.478) | 0.182 (0.082) | 0.049 (0.650) | 0.157 (0.282) |
| (i) Giving time | ||||
| “Letting you tell your “story” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Helping as much as possible | 1009.000 (0.785) (number of participants in each group: 26 versus 75) | 832.500 (0.686) (number of participants in each group: 23 versus 69) | 681.000 (0.454) (number of participants in each group: 24 versus 63) | 195.500 (0.694) (number of participants in each group: 9 versus 40) |
| (i) Adopting role required, for example, technician (not part of the model) | ||||
| “My therapist is a technician”(Mann–Whitney U (pvalue)) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Helping as much as possible | 913.500 (0.011) (number of participants in each group: 52 versus 49) | 875.500 (0.102) (number of participants in each group: 47 versus 45) | 580.500 (0.002)∗ (number of participants in each group: 49 versus 38) | 239.000 (0.310) (number of participants in each group: 30 versus 19) |
| (i) Adopting the role required, for example, a wise healer (not part of the model) | ||||
| “My therapist is a wise healer” (Mann–Whitney U (p value)) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Helping as much as possible | 853.500 (0.013) (number of participants in each group: 38 versus 63) | 853.000 (0.115) (number of participants in each group: 38 versus 54) | 687.000 (0.050) (number of participants in each group: 34 versus 53) | 259.000 (0.378) (number of participants in each group: 24 versus 25) |
| (i) Adopting the role required, for example, like a friend | ||||
| “My therapist is like a friend”(Mann–Whitney U (p value)) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Helping as much as possible | 32.500 (0.015) (number of participants in each group: 98 versus 3) | 30.500 (0.017) (number of participants in each group: 89 versus 3) | 66.500 (0.176) (number of participants in each group: 84 versus 3) | 9.000 (0.408) (number of participants in each group: 48 versus 1) |
| (i) Adopting the role required, for example, a professional (not part of the model) | ||||
| “My therapist is a professional” (Mann–Whitney U (p value)) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Imparting responsibility for health | 0.255 (0.010) | 0.156 (0.137) | 0.219 (0.041) | 0.319 (0.025) |
| “Helping you to take control” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Patients trusting in their practitioner | 0.353 (<0.001)∗ | 0.329 (0.001)∗ | 0.275 (0.010) | 0.469 (0.001)∗ |
| “I trust my therapist” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Example trait: well qualified (not part of the model) | 0.341 (<0.001)∗ | 0.324 (0.002)∗ | 0.218 (0.042) | 0.479 (<0.001)∗ |
| “I have confidence that my therapist is well qualified to treat me” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Example trait: competent (not part of the model) | 0.372 (<0.001)∗ | 0.346 (0.001)∗ | 0.255 (0.017) | 0.436 (0.002)∗ |
| “My therapist is a competent provider of my treatment” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Example trait: expert (not part of the model) | 0.314 (0.001)∗ | 0.272 (0.009)∗ | 0.185 (0.087) | 0.265 (0.066) |
| “My therapist is an expert in my treatment” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Example trait: knows how to treat the patient's health problem (not part of the model) | 0.333 (0.001)∗ | 0.286 (0.006)∗ | 0.264 (0.014) | 0.237 (0.101) |
| “My therapist knows how to treat my health problem” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Example trait: strong reputation | 0.121 (0.229) | 0.113 (0.284) | 0.183 (0.090) | 0.124 (0.397) |
| “My therapist has a strong reputation” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Example trait: a good person | 283.000 (0.107) (number of participants in each group: 92 versus 9) | 239.000 (0.322) (number of participants in each group: 85 versus 7) | 243.000 (0.543) (number of participants in each group: 80 versus 7) | 89.500 (0.510) (number of participants in each group: 44 versus 5) |
| “My therapist is a good person” (Mann–Whitney U (p value)) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Example trait: of the same culture as the patient | 852.500 (0.007)∗ (number of participants in each group: 41 versus 60) | 707.500 (0.005)∗ (number of participants in each group: 37 versus 55) | 672.500 (0.031) (number of participants in each group: 35 versus 52) | 274.000 (0.964) (number of participants in each group: 17 versus 32) |
| “My therapist is of the same culture” (Mann–Whitney U (p value)) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Example trait: of the same gender as the patient | 1209.000 (0.831) (number of participants in each group: 59 versus 42) | 933.000 (0.361) (number of participants in each group: 53 versus 39) | 775.000 (0.160) (number of participants in each group: 49 versus 38) | 369.000 (0.132) (number of participants in each group: 26 versus 23) |
| “My therapist is of the same gender”(Mann–Whitney U (p value)) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Patients having a therapeutic relationship with their practitioner | 0.309 (0.002)∗ | 0.216 (0.039) | 0.226 (0.036) | 0.377 (0.008)∗ |
| “I have a good relationship with my therapist” | ||||
|
| ||||
| Sharing the same views and values on health | 0.282 (0.004)∗ | 0.260 (0.012) | 0.333 (0.002)∗ | 0.232 (0.109) |
| “My therapist shares the same values as me“ | ||||
|
| ||||
| Perception of therapist | 0.483 (<0.001)∗ | 0.434 (<0.001)∗ | 0.401 (<0.001)∗ | 0.371 (0.009)∗ |
| Summary score (not part of the model) | ||||
∗indicates a statistically significant association at p < 0.01.